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arXiv 1702.02153astro-ph.SR
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年轻大质量恒星形成区M17缺乏短周期大质量双星:出生时大轨道分离的证据?

A dearth of short-period massive binaries in the young massive star forming region M17: Evidence for a large orbital separation at birth?

H. Sana, M. Ramirez-Tannus, A. de Koter, L. Kaper, F. Tramper, A. Bik

摘要:

大质量恒星的形成仍然知之甚少,对它们的出生多重性也知之甚少。在这里,我们调查了在年轻的大质量恒星形成区M17的11颗大质量前主序星和近主序星(sigma_rv = 5.6 +/- 0.2 km/s)的样本测量到的惊人的低径向速度色散,以获得对年轻大质量恒星天体多重性的第一个约束。研究方法:我们计算RV分散的合成人口的大质量恒星的各种多重性,我们比较模拟的sigma_rv分布的观测值。我们具体调查两种情况:一个低的二进制分数和缺乏短周期的二进制系统。结果如下:具有低二进制分数(f_bin = 0.12_{-0.09}^{+0.16})或截断周期分布(P_cutoff > 9个月)的模拟群体能够再现在其68%置信区间内观察到的低sigma_rv。然而,f_bin > 0.42或P_cutoff < 47 d的亲本群体可以在5%显著性水平下被拒绝。这两个限制是对比的高二进制分数和过多的短周期系统中发现的几万年老,OB型人口。为了解释这种差异,第一种情况需要大质量恒星形成过程的结果的变化。在第二种情况下,致密双星必须在稍后形成,截止期可能与膨胀的主序星前恒星半径或其吸积盘的物理长度尺度有关。结论:如果得到的约束是大规模的年轻恒星物体的整体性能的代表,我们的研究结果可能会提供支持的形成过程中,双星最初形成在较大的分离,然后硬化或迁移,以产生典型的(未截断)幂律周期分布中观察到的几百万年老OB双星。

英文摘要:

The formation of massive stars remains poorly understood and little is known about their birth multiplicity properties. Here, we investigate the strikingly low radial-velocity dispersion measured for a sample of 11 massive pre- and near-main-sequence stars (sigma_rv = 5.6 +/- 0.2 km/s) in the young massive star forming region M17 to obtain first constraints on the multiplicity properties of young massive stellar objects. Methods: We compute the RV dispersion of synthetic populations of massive stars for various multiplicity properties and we compare the simulated sigma_rv distributions to the observed value. We specifically investigate two scenarios: a low binary fraction and a dearth of short-period binary systems. Results: Simulated populations with low binary fractions (f_bin = 0.12_{-0.09}^{+0.16}) or with truncated period distributions (P_cutoff > 9 months) are able to reproduce the low sigma_rv observed within their 68%-confidence intervals. Parent populations with f_bin > 0.42 or P_cutoff < 47 d can however be rejected at the 5%-significance level. Both constraints are contrast with the high binary fraction and plethora of short-period systems found in few Myr-old, OB-type populations. To explain the difference, the first scenario requires a variation of the outcome of the massive star formation process. In the the second scenario, compact binaries must form later on, and the cut-off period may be related to physical length-scales representative of the bloated pre-main-sequence stellar radii or of their accretion disks. Conclusions: If the obtained constraints are representative of the overall properties of massive young stellar objects, our results may provide support to a formation process in which binaries are initially formed at larger separations, then harden or migrate to produce the typical (untruncated) power-law period distribution observed in few Myr-old OB binaries.

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