Sequence E variables are close binary red giants that show ellipsoidal light variations. They are likely the immediate precursors of planetary nebulae (PNe) with close binary central. We have made a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the fraction of red giant binaries that go through a common envelope (CE) event leading to the production of a close binary system or a merged star. The novel aspect of this simulation is that we use the observed frequency of sequence E binaries in the LMC to normalize our calculations. In our standard model, we find that in the LMC today the fraction of PNe with close binary central stars is 7-9%, the fraction of PNe with intermediate period binary central stars having separations capable of influencing the nebula shape (P<500 yrs) is 23-27%, the fraction of PNe containing wide binaries that are unable to influence the nebula shape (P>500 yrs) is 46-55%, the fraction of PNe derived from single stars is 3-19% and 5-6% of PNe are produced by previously merged stars. We also predict that the birthrate of post-RGB stars is ~4% of the total PN birthrate, equivalent to ~50% of the production rate of PNe with close binary central stars. These post-RGB stars most likely appear initially as luminous low-mass helium white dwarf binaries. We use our model and the observed number of red giant stars in the top one magnitude of the RGB in the LMC to predict the number of PNe in the LMC. We predict 548 PNe in good agreement with the 541+/-89 PNe observed by Reid & Parker (2006). Since most of these PNe come from single or non-interacting binary stars in our model, this means that most such stars produce PNe contrary to the "Binary Hypothesis" which suggests that binary interaction is required to produce a PN.
The post-common-envelope binary central star of the planetary nebula PN G283.7-05.1: A possible post-red-giant-branch planetary nebula central star
我们在行星状星云PN G 283.7 $-$ 05.1中发现并描述了共包层后中心恒星系统。作为POPIPlaN巡天的一部分拍摄的深层图像显示,该星云可能具有类似于其他后共包络行星状星云的双极形态。同时光和径向速度曲线模型显示,新发现的双星系统包括一个高辐射,M型主序星在5.9小时的轨道与热前白矮星。星云的前身质量特别低,约为0.4 M $_\odot$,这使得PN G 283.7 $-$ 05.1成为少数几个候选行星状星云之一,它们是在红巨星分支上的共同包络事件的产物。除了它的低质量,模型的温度,表面重力和光度都被发现是一致的观察到的恒星和星云的光谱,通过比较与模型的大气和光电离建模。然而,星云中心恒星的高温(T $_\mathrm{eff}\sim$ 95 kK)和高光度与后RGB演化轨迹并不一致。
The double-degenerate, super-Chandrasekhar nucleus of the planetary nebula Henize 2-428
行星状星云(PN)阶段是质量为1到8个太阳质量(M $_\odot$)的恒星的最终命运。虽然已经提出了一些涉及二元相互作用的机制,但对其复杂形态的起源知之甚少。在密近双星系统中,当主星在渐近巨星分支(AGB)阶段膨胀时,轨道间隔足够短,足以填满其洛希瓣。多余的物质最终形成了一个共同的信封(CE)周围的两颗恒星。然后,拖曳力将导致包络被弹出到赤道与系统轨道平面重合的双极PN中。两颗恒星都喷射出它们的包层并向白矮星(WD)阶段演化的系统被称为双简并星。在这里,我们报告说,Henize 2-428有一个双简并的核心与一个合并的质量明确地高于1.4 M $_\odot$的Escherasekhar限制。根据其短的轨道周期(4.2小时)和总质量(1.76 M $_\odot$),该系统应该在7亿年内合并,引发Ia型超新星(SN Ia)事件。这一发现支持了Ia超新星形成的双简并、超钱德拉塞卡进化通道。
On the post-common-envelope central star of the planetary nebula NGC 2346
共包络相是(双星)恒星演化中最不为人所知的阶段之一,尽管它在形成从灾变变星到宇宙学上重要的Ia型超新星,甚至是最近发现的产生黑洞合并的引力波等广泛的天体物理现象方面都很重要。行星状星云NGC~2346的中心恒星长期以来一直被认为是已知的最长周期的共包络后系统之一,其公布的周期约为16天,然而,所提供的数据也与约1天的短得多的周期相一致(在已知的共包络后双星样本中,这是一个更典型的周期)。在这里,使用现代高稳定性,高分辨率的光谱仪HERMES,我们最终表明,周期确实是16天,同时也将表面重力修正为亚巨星(而不是主序星)的典型值,从而导致内在光度与最近发表的GAIA视差距离一致。有趣的是,据我们所知,这颗伴星的隐含质量($\gtrsim$ 3.5 M $_\odot$)使它成为已知的最大的后共包络伴星,同时也表明主星可能是后RGB星。
Carbon Abundances in Compact Galactic Planetary Nebulae: An Ultraviolet spectroscopic study with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS)
我们用哈勃太空望远镜(HST/STIS)上的太空望远镜成像光谱仪测量了一个致密的银河系行星状星云(PNe)样本,以确定它们的气相碳丰度。PNe中的碳丰度限制了它们的渐近巨星分支(AGB)祖先的性质,以及宇宙循环。我们测量了11个紧凑的银河系PNe的碳丰度或其极限,显着增加了银河系PNe的样品,其碳丰度基于HST紫外光谱是可用的。大多数目标的尘埃含量已经在斯皮策光谱学的其他地方进行了研究;考虑到星云的紧凑性质,紫外和红外光谱可以直接比较,以研究气相和尘埃相的碳。我们发现,贫碳(C/O<1)致密的银河系PNE具有富氧尘埃类型(ORD),而碳增强的对应物(C/O>1)具有富碳尘埃(CRD),证实了麦哲伦云PNE中气相和尘埃相碳含量之间的相关性。基于AGB演化的预期最终产量模型,我们解释了本研究中的大多数贫碳PNe是~1.1-1.2 M $_{\odot}$恒星的后代,这些恒星在红巨星分支(RGB)上经历了一些额外的混合,它们经历了AGB阶段,但没有经历碳星阶段。这一群中的大多数PNe具有双极形态,可能是由于太阳下伴星的存在。我们样本中的碳增强PNe可能是1.5-2.5 M $_{\odot}$范围内恒星的后代,这取决于它们原始的金属丰度。
Spatial and spectral constraints on resolved mass-loss of the massive Post-RSG star IRAS 17163-3907 and its Fried Egg Nebula
Joint ALMA Observatory(ALMA联合天文台);ESO(欧洲南方天文台);Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab(吉米尼天文台/美国国家光学红外天文实验室);IAASARS, National Observatory of Athens(雅典国家天文台天体物理学、天文学与空间应用研究所);Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University(普林斯顿大学天体物理科学系);Royal Observatory of Belgium(比利时皇家天文台);School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leeds(利兹大学物理与天文学院);Department of Space, Earth, and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory(查尔姆斯理工大学地球空间环境学院翁萨拉太空天文台);Armagh Observatory and Planetarium(阿马赫天文台和天文馆);Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院新疆天文台);Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics(乔德雷尔银行天体物理学中心)
Abundances of planetary nebulae and evolved stars: Iron and sulfur depletion, and carbon and nitrogen enrichment, in low- and intermediate-mass stellar populations in the Milky Way
Two hot pre-white dwarfs inside the red-giant-branch planetary nebula Pa 13 -- Double core evolution or common envelope-induced rejuvenation?
Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Landessternwarte(海德堡大学天文中心,兰德斯施特恩瓦尔特);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利天体物理研究所);Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna(拉帕尔马大学天体物理学系);Department of Physics and Astronomy, Valparaiso University(瓦尔帕莱索大学物理与天文学系);Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata, UNLP-CONICET(拉普拉塔天体物理研究所,UNLP-CONICET);Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam(波茨坦大学物理与天文学研究所);Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva(日内瓦大学天文学系)
Probing the low-mass end of core-collapse supernovae using a sample of strongly-stripped Calcium-rich Type IIb Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility