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arXiv 1702.00845astro-ph.GA
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混合对史密斯云金属丰度观测的影响

The Effect of Mixing on the Observed Metallicity of the Smith Cloud

David B. Henley, Jeffrey A. Gritton, Robin L. Shelton

摘要:

对高速云的金属丰度的测量提供了关于它们起源的重要线索,从而确定它们是否在促进银河系中正在进行的恒星形成中发挥了作用。然而,这些测量结果的准确解释需要补偿已经混合到云中的银河系物质。为了确定这种混合导致金属丰度的变化,我们对一个实例云进行了三维风洞式流体动力学模拟。我们的模型云是以史密斯云为模式的,史密斯云是一种特别被研究得很好的质量$\sim 5 \times 10^6~M_\odot$云。我们计算了来自星系晕$F_\mathrm{h}$的高速物质的比例,通过我们的模型云的各种视线。我们发现,$F_\mathrm{h}$一般增加与云的头部的距离,达到$\sim$ 0.5的云的尾部。原始云$Z_\mathrm{cl}$和晕$Z_\mathrm{h}$的金属丰度(相对于太阳)分别在$0.1 \lesssim Z_\mathrm{cl} \lesssim 0.3$和$0.7 \lesssim Z_\mathrm{h} \lesssim 1.0$的近似范围内的模型与观测结果大致一致。带有$Z_\mathrm{h} \sim 0.1$和$Z_\mathrm{cl} \gtrsim 0.5$的模型也与观测结果大致一致,但如此低的晕金属丰度与最近的独立测量结果不一致。我们的结论是,史密斯云的观测金属丰度可能不是其原始金属丰度的真实反映,云的最终起源仍然不确定。

英文摘要:

Measurements of high-velocity clouds' metallicities provide important clues about their origins, and hence on whether they play a role in fueling ongoing star formation in the Galaxy. However, accurate interpretation of these measurements requires compensating for the galactic material that has been mixed into the clouds. In order to determine how much the metallicity changes as a result of this mixing, we have carried out three-dimensional wind-tunnel-like hydrodynamical simulations of an example cloud. Our model cloud is patterned after the Smith Cloud, a particularly well-studied cloud of mass $\sim 5 \times 10^6~M_\odot$. We calculated the fraction of the high-velocity material that had originated in the galactic halo, $F_\mathrm{h}$, for various sight lines passing through our model cloud. We find that $F_\mathrm{h}$ generally increases with distance from the head of the cloud, reaching $\sim$0.5 in the tail of the cloud. Models in which the metallicities (relative to solar) of the original cloud, $Z_\mathrm{cl}$, and of the halo, $Z_\mathrm{h}$, are in the approximate ranges $0.1 \lesssim Z_\mathrm{cl} \lesssim 0.3$ and $0.7 \lesssim Z_\mathrm{h} \lesssim 1.0$, respectively, are in rough agreement with the observations. Models with $Z_\mathrm{h} \sim 0.1$ and $Z_\mathrm{cl} \gtrsim 0.5$ are also in rough agreement with the observations, but such a low halo metallicity is inconsistent with recent independent measurements. We conclude that the Smith Cloud's observed metallicity may not be a true reflection of its original metallicity and that the cloud's ultimate origin remains uncertain.

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