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[C/N]年龄与额外混合对于[Fe/H] < -0.5的洞察:来自大麦哲伦星云和小麦哲伦星云的信息

[C/N] Ages and Extra-Mixing for [Fe/H] <- 0.5: Insights from the LMC and SMC

The Ohio State University(俄亥俄州立大学);Montana State University(蒙大拿州立大学)

Yuxi Lu, John D. Roberts, Joshua T. Povick, Marc H. Pinsonneault, Madeline Howell, David L. Nidever, Jennifer A. Johnson

AI总结:

本研究利用大麦哲伦星云和小麦哲伦星云的数据,探讨了额外混合对[C/N]-年龄关系的影响,并首次观测到额外混合在特定质量与金属度条件下失效。

摘要:

[C/N]-年龄关系已成为重建银河系形成历史的强大工具,为场型巨星提供了最大的年龄样本。然而,在金属度低于[Fe/H] < -0.5时,恒星表面会受到一种尚不理解的过程的影响,即额外混合,这种过程以质量和金属度依赖的方式改变[C/N]。这种效应使得在金属贫乏区域应用传统的[C/N]-年龄关系变得复杂。在银河系内,限制额外混合的质量依赖性尤其具有挑战性,因为[Fe/H] < -0.5的恒星主要是老的,因此低质量,导致质量和金属度之间存在强退化。在本研究中,我们探讨了大麦哲伦星云(MCs)在解耦这些效应和限制额外混合作为年龄和金属度函数的潜力。通过将经验校正在银河系中校准的修正与热盐混合模型的预测进行比较,我们隔离了在MCs中额外混合的质量依赖性,直到[Fe/H] ≈ -0.7。我们发现经验校准在低质量恒星(<1.25 M☉)中表现良好,而理论模型成功地在约1.25 M☉处再现了观察到的质量依赖性。我们进一步提供了首次观测证据,表明在[Fe/H] ≈ -0.7时,额外混合在质量大于约1.8 M☉时变得无效。我们的结果证明了在外部星系中为单个恒星推导[C/N]-基于年龄的可行性。未来针对MCs中更高log g或更暗淡恒星的观测将提供对额外混合过程的更强约束,并使能够应用于银河系或外部星系中低金属度单个恒星的[C/N]-年龄关系校准成为可能。

英文摘要:

The [C/N]-age relation has become a powerful tool for reconstructing the formation history of the Milky Way (MW), providing the largest age sample for field giant stars. However, at metallicities below [Fe/H] $< -0.5$, stellar surfaces are altered by a poorly understood process known as extra mixing, which modifies [C/N] in a mass- and metallicity-dependent manner. This effect complicates the application of the traditional [C/N]-age relation in metal-poor regimes. Within the MW, constraining the mass dependence of extra mixing is particularly challenging because stars at [Fe/H] $< -0.5$ are predominantly old and therefore low-mass, leading to strong degeneracies between mass and metallicity. In this work, we explore the potential of the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) to disentangle these effects and constrain extra mixing as a function of age and metallicity. By comparing empirical corrections calibrated in the MW with predictions from thermohaline mixing models, we isolate the mass dependence of extra mixing in the MCs down to [Fe/H] $\sim-0.7$. We find that the empirical calibration performs well for lower-mass stars ($< 1.25$ $M_{\odot}$), while theoretical models successfully reproduce the observed mass dependence down to $\sim$ 1.25 $M_{\odot}$. We further present the first observational evidence that extra mixing becomes ineffective above $\sim$ 1.8 $M_{\odot}$ at [Fe/H] $\sim -0.7$. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of deriving [C/N]-based ages for individual stars in external galaxies. Future observations targeting higher-$\log g$ or fainter stars in the MCs will provide stronger constraints on extra-mixing processes and enable the calibration of [C/N]-age relation that can be applied to low-metallicity individual stars in the MW or external galaxies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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