The interaction of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with various magnetic fields could directly induce cellular effects. Many scattered investigations have got involved in these cellular effects, analyzed their relative mechanisms and extended their biomedical uses in magnetic hyperthermia and cell regulation. This review reports these cellular effects and their important applications in biomedical area. More importantly, we highlight the underlying mechanisms behind these direct cellular effects in the review from the thermal energy and mechanical force. Recently, some physical analyses showed that the mechanisms of heat and mechanical force in cellular effects are controversial. Although the physical principle plays an important role in these cellular effects, some chemical reactions such as free radical reaction also existed in the interaction of MNPs with magnetic fields, which provides the possible explanation for the current controversy. It's anticipated that the review here could provide readers a deeper understanding of mechanisms of how MNPs contribute to the direct cellular effects and thus their biomedical applications under various magnetic fields.
Magnetic Nanoparticles as Label-Free Dual-Function Nanoheaters and Nanothermometers
IMDEA Nanociencia（IMDEA纳米科学研究所）；Universidad Autónoma de Madrid（马德里自治大学）；Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC)（国家生物技术中心（西班牙高等科学研究委员会））；Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC（马德里材料科学研究所（西班牙高等科学研究委员会））；Condensed Matter Institute, IFIMAC（IFIMAC凝聚态物理研究所）；UNED（西班牙国立远程教育大学）；Nanotech Solutions（纳米技术解决方案公司）
Superparamagnetic iron oxide polyacrylic acid coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles does not affect kidney function but causes acute effect on the cardiovascular function in healthy mice
本研究描述了静脉注射聚丙烯酸（PAA）涂层γ-Fe 2 O3纳米粒（10 mg kg-1）在健康BALB/cJ小鼠器官、细胞和亚细胞水平的分布，并平行讨论了纳米粒注射对肾功能、血压和血管收缩力的影响。磁共振成像（MRI）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）显示，静脉输注后1小时内，NPs在肝脏中蓄积，通过内皮细胞和枯否细胞的细胞内摄取调节，随后在肾细胞，特别是近端小管的细胞质，足细胞和系膜细胞中的细胞内摄取调节。通过动脉酸碱状态和长期留置导管后测量肾小球滤过率（GFR）来评价NP对肾功能的影响。注射生理盐水或NP后0.5 h，小鼠动脉pH值分别为7.46和7.41，在接下来的12 h内没有变化。此外，注射NP也不影响动脉PCO 2或[HCO 3-]。NP注射后24小时和96小时，GFR平均值分别为11.0和13.0 ml min-1 g-1，与对照组（14.0和14.0 ml min-1 g-1）具有统计学可比性。NP注射后12- 24小时平均动脉血压（MAP）降低（111 vs 123 min-1），与肠系膜小动脉收缩力降低相关，通过肌造影显示肠系膜小动脉收缩力降低，从而降低内皮功能。总之，我们的研究表明，超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒的积累不会影响健康小鼠的肾功能，但会暂时降低血压。
