We explore questions of projectivity and tensor products of modules for finite dimensional Hopf algebras. We construct many classes of examples in which tensor powers of nonprojective modules are projective and tensor products of modules in one order are projective but in the other order are not. Our examples are smash coproducts with duals of group algebras, some having algebra and coalgebra structures twisted by a cocycle. We develop a theory of support varieties for these Hopf algebras to use as a tool in our investigations.
The concept of biperfect (noncocommutative) weak Hopf algebras is introduced and their properties are discussed. A new type of quasi-bicrossed products are constructed by means of weak Hopf skew-pairs of the weak Hopf algebras which are generalizations of the Hopf pairs introduced by Takeuchi. As a special case, the quantum double of a finite dimensional biperfect (noncocommutative) weak Hopf algebra is built. Examples of quantum doubles from a Clifford monoid as well as a noncommutative and noncocommutative weak Hopf algebra are given, generalizing quantum doubles from a group and a noncommut…
We introduce general q-deformed multiple polylogarithms which even in the dilogarithm case differ slightly from the deformation usually discussed in the literature. The merit of the deformation as suggested, here, is that q-deformed multiple polylogarithms define an algebra, then (as in the undeformed case). For the special case of q-deformed multiple zeta-values, we show that there exists even a noncommutative and noncocommutative Hopf algebra structure which is a deformation of the commutative Hopf algebra structure which one has in the classical case. Finally, we discuss the possible corres…
We study the Hopf equation which is equivalent to the pentagonal equation, from operator algebras. A FRT type theorem is given and new types of quantum groups are constructed. The key role is played now by the classical Hopf modules category. As an application, a five dimensional noncommutative noncocommutative bialgebra is given.
Let $H$ be the 16-dimensional nontrivial (namely, noncommutative and noncocommutative) semisimple Hopf algebra $H_{b:1}$ appeared in Kashina's work \cite{K00}. We obtain all simple Yetter-Drinfeld modules over $H$ and then determine all finite-dimensional Nichols algebras satisfying $\mathcal{B}(V)\cong \bigotimes_{i\in I}\mathcal{B}(V_i)$, where $V=\bigoplus_{i\in I}V_i$, each $V_i$ is a simple object in $_H^H\mathcal{YD}$. Finally, we describe all liftings of those $\mathcal{B}(V)$ over $H$.
Deformed parabose and parafermi algebras are revised and endowed with Hopf structure in a natural way. The noncocommutative coproduct allows for construction of parastatistics Fock-like representations, built out of the simplest deformed bose and fermi representations. The construction gives rise to quadratic algebras of deformed anomalous commutation relations which define the generalized Green ansatz.
We define a rank variety for a module of a noncocommutative Hopf algebra $A = Λ\rtimes G$ where $Λ= k[X_1, ..., X_m]/(X_1^{\ell}, ..., X_m^{\ell})$, $G = ({\mathbb Z}/\ell{\mathbb Z})^m$, and $\text{char} k$ does not divide $\ell$, in terms of certain subalgebras of $A$ playing the role of "cyclic shifted subgroups". We show that the rank variety of a finitely generated module $M$ is homeomorphic to the support variety of $M$ defined in terms of the action of the cohomology algebra of $A$. As an application we derive a theory of rank varieties for the algebra $Λ$. When $\ell=2$, rank varieties…
The renormalization of quantum field theory twists the antipode of a noncocommutative Hopf algebra of rooted trees, decorated by an infinite set of primitive divergences. The Hopf algebra of undecorated rooted trees, ${\cal H}_R$, generated by a single primitive divergence, solves a universal problem in Hochschild cohomology. It has two nontrivial closed Hopf subalgebras: the cocommutative subalgebra ${\cal H}_{\rm ladder}$ of pure ladder diagrams and the Connes-Moscovici noncocommutative subalgebra ${\cal H}_{\rm CM}$ of noncommutative geometry. These three Hopf algebras admit a bigrading by …
In this paper, we use the general quantization method by Drinfel'd twists to quantize the Schrödinger-Virasoro Lie algebra whose Lie bialgebra structures were recently discovered by Han-Li-Su. We give two different kinds of Drinfel'd twists, which are then used to construct the corresponding Hopf algebraic structrues. Our results extend the class of examples of noncommutative and noncocommutative Hopf algebras.
The representations of some Hopf algebras have curious behavior: Nonprojective modules may have projective tensor powers, and the variety of a tensor product of modules may not be contained in the intersection of their varieties. We explain a family of examples of such Hopf algebras and their modules, and classify left, right, and two-sided ideals in their stable module categories.
Let $p$ and $q$ be distinct prime numbers. We study the Galois objects and cocycle deformations of the noncommutative, noncocommutative, semisimple Hopf algebras of odd dimension $p^3$ and of dimension $pq^2$. We obtain that the $p+1$ non-isomorphic self-dual semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension $p^3$ classified by Masuoka have no non-trivial cocycle deformations, extending his previous results for the 8-dimensional Kac-Paljutkin Hopf algebra. This is done as a consequence of the classification of categorical Morita equivalence classes among semisimple Hopf algebras of odd dimension $p^3$, es…
We survey variety theory for modules of finite dimensional Hopf algebras, recalling some definitions and basic properties of support and rank varieties where they are known. We focus specifically on properties known for classes of examples such as finite group algebras and finite group schemes. We list open questions about tensor products of modules and projectivity, where varieties may play a role in finding answers.
The correspondence between Lie algebras, Lie groups, and algebraic groups, on one side and commutative Hopf algebras on the other side are known for a long time by works of Hochschild-Mostow and others. We extend this correspondence by associating a noncommutative noncocommutative Hopf algebra to any matched pair of Lie algebras, Lie groups, and affine algebraic groups. We canonically associate a modular pair in involution to any of these Hopf algebras. More precisely, to any locally finite representation of a matched pair object as above we associate a SAYD module to the corresponding Hopf al…
We construct rank varieties for the Drinfel'd double of the Taft algebra and for U_q(sl2). For the Drinfel'd double when n=2 this uses a result which identifies a family of subalgebras that control projectivity of A-modules whenever A is a Hopf algebra satisfying a certain homological condition. In this case we show that our rank variety is homeomorphic to the cohomological support variety. We also show that Ext^*(M,M) is finitely generated over the cohomology ring of the Drinfel'd double for any finitely-generated module M.
We introduce a noncommutative and noncocommutative Hopf algebra which takes for certain Hopf categories (and therefore braided monoidal bicategories) a similar role as the Grothendieck- Teichmueller group for quasitensor categories. We also give a result which highly restricts the possibility for similar structures for even higher weak n-categories than bicategories by showing that these structures would not allow for any nontrivial deformations. Finally, we give an explicit description of the elements of this Hopf algebra.
The set of primitive elements of a Hopf algebra in the braided category of group graded vector spaces (with a commutative group) carry the structure of a generalized Lie algebra. In particular the graded derivations of an associative algebra carry this Lie algebra structure. The Lie multiplications consist of certain n-ary partially defined multiplications satisfying generalized antisymmetry and Jacobi identities. This generalizes the concept of Lie super algebras and Lie color algebras. We show that universal enveloping algebras in the braided category exist. They are (braided) Hopf algebras.…
We revisit the notion of interacting Frobenius Hopf algebras for ZX-calculus in quantum computing, with focus on allowing the algebras to be noncommutative and coalgebras to be noncocommutative. We introduce the notion of *-structures in ZX-calculus at this algebraic level and construct examples based on the quantum group u_q(sl_2) at a root of unity. We provide an abstract formulation of the Hadamard gate at this level and clarify its relationship to Hopf algebra self-duality. We then solve the problem of extending the notion of interacting Hopf algebras and ZX-calculus to take place in a bra…
Quantum duality principle is applied to study classical limits of quantum algebras and groups. For a certain type of Hopf algebras the explicit procedure to construct both classical limits is presented. The canonical forms of quantized Lie-bialgebras are proved to be two-parametric varieties with two classical limits called dual. When considered from the point of view of quantized symmetries such varieties can have boundaries that are noncommutative and noncocommutative. In this case the quantum duality and dual limits still exist while instead of Lie bialgebra one has a pair of tangent vector…
We construct explicit Drinfel'd twists for the generalized Cartan type $H$ Lie algebras in characteristic $0$ and obtain the corresponding quantizations and their integral forms. Via making modular reductions including modulo $p$ reduction and modulo $p$-restrictedness reduction, and base changes, we derive certain modular quantizations of the restricted universal enveloping algebra $\mathbf u(\mathbf{H}(2n;\underline{1}))$ in characteristic $p$. They are new non-pointed Hopf algebras of truncated $p$-polynomial noncommutative and noncocommutative deformation of prime-power dimension $p^{p^{2n…
In this paper we provide a wildness criterion for any finite dimensional Hopf algebra with finitely generated cohomology. This generalizes a result of Farnsteiner to not necessarily cocommutative Hopf algebras over ground fields of arbitrary characteristic. Our proof uses the theory of support varieties for modules, one of the crucial ingredients being a tensor product property for some special modules. As an application we prove a conjecture of Cibils stating that small quantum groups of rank at least two are wild.
We study a noncommutative deformation of the commutative Hopf algebra of rooted trees which was shown by Connes and Kreimer to be related to the mathematical structure of renormalization in quantum field theories. The requirement of the existence of an antipode for the noncommutative deformation leads to a natural extension of the algebra. Noncommutative deformations of the Connes-Kreimer algebra might be relevant for renormalization of field theories on noncommutative spaces and there are indications that in this case the extension of the algebra might be linked to a mixing of infrared and ul…
We find and classify all bialgebras and Hopf algebras or `quantum groups' of dimension $\le 4$ over the field $\Bbb F_2=\{0,1\}$. We summarise our results as a quiver, where the vertices are the inequivalent algebras and there is an arrow for each inequivalent bialgebra or Hopf algebra built from the algebra at the source of the arrow and the dual of the algebra at the target of the arrow. There are 314 distinct bialgebras, and among them 25 Hopf algebras with at most one of these from one vertex to another. We find a unique smallest noncommutative and noncocommutative one, which is moreover s…
Some of the general results in the paper require an additional hypothesis, such as quasitriangularity. Applications to specific types of Hopf algebras are correct, as some of these are quasitriangular, and for those that are not, the Hochschild support variety theory may be applied instead.
The proof of Theorem 5.12 in [C.M. Drupieski, On injective modules and support varieties for the small quantum group, Int. Math. Res. Not. 2011 (2011), 2263-2294] does not make sense as written because the algebra $u_ζ(\mathfrak{b}_α^+)$ need not be a Hopf subalgebra of $u_ζ(\mathfrak{b}^+)$ unless $α$ is a simple root. This note describes how the proof should be modified to work around this fact.
In this short note we show that representation and character varieties of discrete groups can be viewed as tensor products of suitable functors over the PROP of cocommutative Hopf algebras. Such view point has several interesting applications. First, it gives a straightforward way of deriving the functor sending a discrete group to the functions on its representation variety, which leads to representation homology. Second, using a suitable deformation of the functors involved in this construction, one can obtain deformations of the representation and character varieties for the fundamental gro…
The aim of this work is to discuss the concepts of degeneration, deformation and rigidity, and to apply them to the geometric study of the varieties of Hopf algebras. The main result is the description of the n-dimensional rigid Hopf algebras and the irreducible components for n=p^2, p prime and for n<14.
Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. In joint work with J. Cuadra [arxiv.org/abs/1409.1644, arxiv.org/abs/1509.01165], we showed that a semisimple Hopf action on a Weyl algebra over a polynomial algebra k[z_1,...,z_s] factors through a group action, and this in fact holds for any finite dimensional Hopf action if s=0. We also generalized these results to finite dimensional Hopf actions on algebras of differential operators. In this work we establish similar results for Hopf actions on other algebraic quantizations of commutative domains. This includes universal envelo…
The cusp was recently shown to admit the structure of a quantum homogeneous space, that is, its coordinate ring $B$ can be embedded as a right coideal subalgebra into a Hopf algebra $A$ such that $A$ is faithfully flat as a $B$-module. In the present article such a Hopf algebra $A$ is constructed for the coordinate ring $B$ of the nodal cubic, thus further motivating the question which affine varieties are quantum homogeneous spaces.
Viewing comodule algebras as the noncommutative analogues of affine varieties with affine group actions, we propose rudiments of a localization approach to nonaffine Hopf algebraic quotients of noncommutative affine varieties corresponding to comodule algebras. After reviewing basic background on noncommutative localizations, we introduce localizations compatible with coactions. Coinvariants of these localized coactions give local information about quotients. We define Zariski locally trivial quantum group algebraic principal and associated bundles. Compatible localizations induce localization…
Fomin and Kirillov initiated a line of research into the realization of the cohomology and $K$-theory of generalized flag varieties $G/B$ as commutative subalgebras of certain noncommutative algebras. This approach has several advantages, which we discuss. This paper contains the most comprehensive result in a series of papers related to the mentioned line of research. More precisely, we give a model for the $T$-equivariant $K$-theory of a generalized flag variety $K_T(G/B)$ in terms of a certain braided Hopf algebra called the Nichols-Woronowicz algebra. Our model is based on the Chevalley-ty…
The existence of dual structures in a Yangian Y(g) signify that the latter belongs to multidimensional naturally parametrized variety of Hopf algebras. These varieties have boundaries containing Yangians Y(a) inequivalent to the original Y(g). The new basic algebra $a$ is an algebra of the cotangent bundle attributed to the dual structure. We show how to construct such boundary Yangians and study some of their properties. We prove that the Hopf algebra Y(a) is a quantization of a parametric solution of the classical Yang-Baxter equation. The limiting procedure and the properties of the boundar…
We develop an explicit skein theoretical algorithm to compute the Alexander polynomial of a 3-manifold from a surgery presentation employing the methods used in the construction of quantum invariants of 3-manifolds. As a prerequisite we establish and prove a rather unexpected equivalence between the topological quantum field theory constructed by Frohman and Nicas using the intersection homology of U(1)-representation varieties on the one side and the combinatorially constructed Hennings-TQFT based on the quasitriangular Hopf algebra ${\cal N}=\Z/2\ltimes \ext *\R^2$ on the other side. We find…
