We consider $P(ϕ^I,X^{IJ})$ theories of multi-field inflation and ask the question of how to define the adiabatic and entropy perturbations, widely used in calculating the curvature and isocurvature power spectra, in this general context. It is found that when the field perturbations propagate with different speeds, these adiabatic and entropy modes are not generally the fundamental (most natural to canonically quantise) degrees of freedom that propagate with a single speed. The alternative fields which do propagate with a single speed are found to be a rotation in field space of the adiabatic and entropy perturbations. We show how this affects the form of the horizon-crossing power spectrum, when there is not a single "adiabatic sound speed" sourcing the curvature perturbation. Special cases of our results are discussed, including $P(X)$ theories where the adiabatic and entropy perturbations are fundamental. We finally look at physical motivations for considering multi-speed models of inflation, particularly showing that disformal couplings can naturally lead to the kind of kinetic interactions which cause fields to have different sound speeds.
Unified Dark Fluid with Constant Adiabatic Sound Speed and Cosmic Constraints
众所周知,宇宙中90%以上的能量是由未知的暗成分组成的。通常这种暗流体分为两部分:暗物质和暗能量。然而,它可能是这两种能量成分的混合物,或者只是一种奇异的未知流体。这种性质被称为暗简并。基于这一动机,本文研究了绝热声速在$[0,1]$范围内的恒定绝热声速$c_s^2=α$的统一暗流体。首先,通过能量守恒方程,给出了其能量密度$ρ_d/ρ_{d0}=(1-B_s)+B_s a^{-3(1+α)}$,其中$B_s$与能量守恒方程中的积分常数作为另一个模型参数有关。然后利用现有的宇宙观测数据集,包括Ia型超新星Union 2、重子声学振荡和WMAP 7年宇宙背景辐射数据,利用Markov Chain Monte Carlo方法,我们证明了小的$α$值在这个统一的暗流体模型中是有利的。此外,我们表明,较小的值的$α<10^{-5}$需要匹配物质(重子)的功率谱从SDSS DR 7。
Adiabatic regularization of power spectrum in nonminimally coupled general single-field inflation
我们对具有不同声速的非最小耦合一般单场暴胀中的功率谱进行绝热正则化。减法是在Urakawa和Starobinsky处理正则暴胀的早期研究框架内进行的。受Fakir和Unruh的非最小耦合混沌暴胀模型的启发,我们发现在近似标度不变的条件下,减法项随$ e $ -折叠次数的增加而指数衰减.与正则暴胀的结果一样,当宇宙在暴胀过程中(甚至在暴胀之后)膨胀时,正则化的功率谱趋向于“裸”功率谱。这项工作证明了使用的“裸”功率谱在标准计算中的最一般的情况下,慢滚单场膨胀涉及非最小的耦合和不同的声速。
Dirac-Born-Infeld realization of sound speed resonance mechanism for primordial black holes
在特定的Dirac Born Infeld(DBI)暴胀模型下,给出了原初黑洞(PBH)形成的声速共振(SSR)机制的具体实现.我们采用微扰的方法从唯象的角度构造了一个包含非振荡阶段和振荡阶段的DBI暴胀模型,并给出了一种特定形式的翘曲因子和势能.我们表明,连续的,但非光滑的连接两个阶段之间的声速不会产生明显的影响SSR的现象,因此,我们的模型产生相同的PBH质谱SSR的原始预测。此外,我们还证明了在非共振区域,Mukhanov-Sasaki方程绝热性的破坏并不影响哈勃穿越后的共动曲率扰动。利用观测数据,我们推导出参数空间上的各种宇宙学约束。我们的分析表明,预测的张量标量比通常是小的,而原始的非高斯振幅可以满足宇宙微波背景的界限,此外,在我们的情况下,由于小的声速变化,软违反了单场慢卷暴胀的一致性关系。