Future data from galaxy redshift surveys, combined with high-resolutions maps of the cosmic microwave background, will enable measurements of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) signal with unprecedented statistical significance. This signal probes the matter-velocity correlation function, scaled by the average optical depth ($τ$) of the galaxy groups and clusters in the sample, and is thus of fundamental importance for cosmology. However, in order to translate pairwise kSZ measurements into cosmological constraints, external constraints on $τ$ are necessary. In this work, we present a new model for the intra-cluster medium, which takes into account star-formation, feedback, non-thermal pressure, and gas cooling. Our semi-analytic model is computationally efficient and can reproduce results of recent hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy cluster formation. By calibrating the model using recent X-ray measurements of gas density profiles of clusters and $M_{\mathrm{gas}}-M$ relations of groups and clusters, we show that the integrated $τ$ is constrained to better than 6% (with a confidence level of 95%), which sets the tightest constraints on the external prior on the optical depth of groups and clusters reported in the literature to date. Our strong prior on $τ$ should significantly improve cosmological constraints derived from future pairwise kSZ measurements and shed new insights into the nature of dark energy, modified gravity, and neutrino mass.
This pedagogical review of galaxy cluster simulations is based on three lectures given at the 2008 Enrico Fermi Summer School entitled "Astrophysics of Galaxy Clusters". It covers the standard cosmological framework, growth of perturbations in the linear regime, analytic models for nonlinear perturbation growth, statistics of galaxy cluster populations, virial scaling relations, overview of numerical methods, simulating gas in galaxy clusters, basic results on adiabatic clusters (Santa Barbara cluster comparison project), effect of additional physics, recent progress in galaxy clustering model…
We present a method to study the photometric properties of galaxies in filaments by stacking the galaxy populations between pairs of galaxy clusters. Using Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, this method can detect the inter-cluster filament galaxy overdensity with a significance of $\sim 5 σ$ out to $z=0.40$. Using this approach, we study the $g-r$ color and luminosity distribution of filament galaxies as a function of redshift. Consistent with expectation, filament galaxies are bimodal in their color distribution and contain a larger blue galaxy population than clusters. Filament galaxies are als…
We have identified a new class of galaxy cluster using data from the Galaxy Zoo project. These clusters are rare, and thus have apparently gone unnoticed before, despite their unusual properties. They appear especially anomalous when the morphological properties of their component galaxies are considered. Their identification therefore depends upon the visual inspection of large numbers of galaxies, a feat which has only recently been made possible by Galaxy Zoo, together with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We present the basic properties of our cluster sample, and discuss possible formation sc…
Many approaches to obtaining cosmological constraints rely on the connection between galaxies and dark matter. However, the distribution of galaxies is dependent on their formation and evolution as well as the cosmological model, and galaxy formation is still not a well-constrained process. Thus, methods that probe cosmology using galaxies as a tracer for dark matter must be able to accurately estimate the cosmological parameters without knowing the details of galaxy formation a priori. We apply this reasoning to the method of obtaining $Ω_m$ and $σ_8$ from galaxy clustering combined with the …
Measurements of galaxy cluster kinematics are important in understanding the dynamical state and evolution of clusters of galaxies, as well as constraining cosmological models. While it is well established that clusters exhibit non-spherical geometries, evident in the distribution of galaxies on the sky, azimuthal variations of galaxy kinematics within clusters have yet to be observed. Here we measure the azimuthal dependence of the line-of-sight velocity dispersion profile in a stacked sample of 1743 galaxy clusters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The clusters are drawn from the SDS…
We constrain radio source clustering towards $Planck$-selected galaxy clusters using the NVSS point source catalogue. The constraint can be utilised for generating realistic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZE) mocks, and for predicting detectable clusters count and quantifying source confusion in radio surveys.
The use of galaxy clusters as cosmological probes hinges on our ability to measure their masses accurately and with high precision. Hydrostatic mass is one of the most common methods for estimating the masses of individual galaxy clusters, which suffer from biases due to departures from hydrostatic equilibrium. Using a large, mass-limited sample of massive galaxy clusters from a high-resolution hydrodynamical cosmological simulation, in this work we show that in addition to turbulent and bulk gas velocities, acceleration of gas introduces biases in the hydrostatic mass estimate of galaxy clust…
Galaxy clusters exhibit a rich morphology during the early and intermediate stages of mass assembly, especially beyond their boundary. A classification scheme based on shapefinders deduced from the Minkowski functionals is examined to fully account for the morphological diversity of galaxy clusters, including relaxed and merging clusters, clusters fed by filamentary structures, and cluster-pair bridges. These configurations are conveniently treated with idealised geometric models and analytical formulae, some of which are novel. Examples from CLASH and LC$^2$ clusters and observed cluster-pair…
Galaxies which fall into clusters as part of the same infall halo can retain correlations due to their shared origin. N-body simulations are used to study properties of such galaxy subgroups within clusters, including their richnesses and prevalence. The sizes, densities and velocity dispersions of all subgroups with >= 8 galaxies are found and compared to those of the host clusters. The largest galaxy subgroup provides a preferred direction in the cluster and is compared to other preferred directions in the cluster. Scatter in cluster mass measurements (via five observables), along ~ 96 lines…
We perform a general computational analysis of possible post-collision mass distributions in high-speed galaxy cluster collisions in the presence of weakly self-interacting dark matter. Using this analysis, we show that weakly self-scattering dark matter can impart subtle yet measurable features in the mass distributions of colliding galaxy clusters even without significant disruptions to the dark matter halos of the colliding galaxy clusters themselves. Most profound such evidences are found to reside in the tails of dark matter halos' distributions, in the space between the colliding galaxy …
The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (hereafter SZ) effect is a promising tool to derive the gas temperature of galaxy clusters. The approximation of a spherically symmetric gas distribution is usually used to determine the temperature structure of galaxy clusters, but this approximation cannot properly describe merging galaxy clusters. The methods used so far, which do not assume the spherically symmetric distribution, permit us to derive 2D temperature maps of merging galaxy clusters. In this paper, we propose a method to derive the standard temperature deviation and temperature variance along the line-of…
We present a spectroscopic catalog of (mostly) red galaxies in 24 galaxy clusters in the redshift range 0.17 < z < 0.92 obtained with the LRIS instrument on the Keck I telescope. Here we describe the observations and the galaxy spectra, including the discovery of three cD galaxies with LINER emission spectra, and the spectroscopic discovery of four new galaxy-galaxy lenses in cluster environments.
The detection of galaxy clusters in present and future surveys enables measuring mass-to-light ratios, clustering properties or galaxy cluster abundances and therefore, constraining cosmological parameters. We present a new technique for detecting galaxy clusters, which is based on the Matched Filter Algorithm from a Bayesian point of view. The method is able to determine the position, redshift and richness of the cluster through the maximization of a filter depending on galaxy luminosity, density and photometric redshift combined with a galaxy cluster prior. We tested the algorithm through re…
X-ray counterparts for 35 galaxy clusters contained in the PF catalog of galaxy clusters and groups were found in XMM-Newton archive. 22 ones (all from ACO catalogue) have extended elliptic X-ray haloes appropriate for determination of orientation. Position angles and eccentricities were calculated and compared with cluster orientations optical band.
Massive galaxy clusters at intermediate redshifts act as gravitational lenses that can magnify supernovae (SNe) occurring in background galaxies. We assess the possibility to use lensed SNe to put constraints on the mass models of galaxy clusters and the Hubble parameter at high redshift. Due to the standard candle nature of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), observational information on the lensing magnification from an intervening galaxy cluster can be used to constrain the model for the cluster mass distribution. A statistical analysis using parametric cluster models was performed to investigate …
Galaxy cluster number count has been proven to be a powerful cosmological probe. However, cosmological constraints established with galaxy cluster number count are highly dependent on the calibration of the mass-observable relations. Thanks to its nearly mass independence the specific mass accretion rate of galaxy clusters is nearly insensitive to the calibration of mass-observable relations. The study of galaxy cluster number count evolution allows to probe the galaxy cluster mass accretion history in the context of an homogenous Universe. In this paper, we use relative abundance matching to …
We develop a method for reconstructing the two-dimensional, projected gravitational potential of galaxy clusters from observed line-of-sight velocity dispersions of cluster galaxies. It is the third of an intended series of papers aiming at a unique reconstruction method for cluster potentials combining lensing, X-ray, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich and kinematic data. The observed galaxy velocity dispersions are deprojected using the Richardson-Lucy algorithm. The obtained radial velocity dispersions are then related to the gravitational potential by using the tested assumption of a polytropic relation b…
We have developed a galaxy cluster finding technique based on the Delaunay Tessellation Field Estimator (DTFE) combined with caustic analysis. Our method allows us to recover clusters of galaxies within the mass range of 10^12 to 10^16 Msun. We have found a total of 113 galaxy clusters in the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey (GAMA). In the corresponding mass range, the density of clusters found in this work is comparable to the density traced by clusters selected by the thermal Sunyaev Zel'dovich Effect; however, we are able to cover a wider mass range. We present the analysis of the two-point …
We present an optimised galaxy cluster finder, 3D-Matched-Filter (3D-MF), which utilises galaxy cluster radial profiles, luminosity functions and redshift information to detect galaxy clusters in optical surveys. This method is an improvement over other matched-filter methods, most notably through implementing redshift slicing of the data to significantly reduce line-of-sight projections and related false positives. We apply our method to the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) Deep fields, finding ~170 galaxy clusters per square degree in the 0.2 <= z <= 1.0 redshift range. …
Flux limited X-ray surveys of galaxy clusters show that clusters come in two roughly equally proportioned varieties: "cool core" clusters (CCs) and non-"cool core" clusters (NCCs). In previous work, we have demonstrated using cosmological $N$-body + Eulerian hydrodynamic simulations that NCCs are often consistent with early major mergers events that destroy embryonic CCs. In this paper we extend those results and conduct a series of simulationsusing different methods of gas cooling, and of energy and metal feedback from supernovae, where we attempt to produce a population of clusters with real…
The mass function of galaxy clusters is a sensitive tracer of the gravitational evolution of the cosmic large-scale structure and serves as an important census of the fraction of matter bound in large structures. We obtain the mass function by fitting the observed cluster X-ray luminosity distribution from the REFLEX galaxy cluster survey to models of cosmological structure formation. We marginalise over uncertainties in the cosmological parameters as well as those of the relevant galaxy cluster scaling relations. The mass function is determined with an uncertainty less than 10% in the mass ra…
We present the observational evidence of the 2-halo term in the stacked shear profile of a sample of about 1200 optically selected galaxy clusters based on imaging data and the public shear catalog from the CFHTLenS. We find that the halo bias, a measure of the correlated distribution of matter around galaxy clusters, has amplitude and correlation with galaxy cluster mass in very good agreement with the predictions based on the LCDM standard cosmological model. The mass-concentration relation is flat but higher than theoretical predictions. We also confirm the close scaling relation between th…
In this paper the influence of galaxy cluster halo environment on the deflection properties of its galaxies is investigated. For this purpose circular and elliptical projected cluster haloes obeying Einasto density profiles are multiply simulated in the $Λ$CDM cosmological model. Using Monte-Carlo technique external shear and convergence are calculated for random positions of a test galaxy within its cluster. Throughout the simulations the total virial mass, profile concentration and slope parameters are varied both for cluster and its constituent galaxies. The cluster is composed of smooth ma…
Galaxy clusters exhibit remarkable self-similar behavior which allows us to establish simple scaling relationships between observable quantities and cluster masses, making galaxy clusters useful cosmological probes. Recent X-ray observations suggest that self-similarity may be broken in the outskirts of galaxy clusters. In this work, we analyze a mass-limited sample of massive galaxy clusters from the Omega500 cosmological hydrodynamic simulation to investigate the self-similarity of the diffuse X-ray emitting intracluster medium (ICM) in the outskirts of galaxy clusters. We find that the self…
Weak gravitational lensing studies of galaxy clusters often assume a spherical cluster model to simplify the analysis, but some recent studies have suggested this simplifying assumption may result in large biases in estimated cluster masses and concentration values, since clusters are expected to exhibit triaxiality. Several such analyses have, however, quoted expressions for the spatial derivatives of the lensing potential in triaxial models, which are open to misinterpretation. In this paper, we give a clear description of weak lensing by triaxial NFW galaxy clusters and also present an effi…
We present optical and infrared imaging and optical spectroscopy of galaxy clusters which were identified as part of an all-sky search for high-redshift galaxy clusters, the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWS). The initial phase of MaDCoWS combined infrared data from the all-sky data release of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) with optical data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to select probable z ~ 1 clusters of galaxies over an area of 10,000 deg^2. Our spectroscopy confirms 19 new clusters at 0.7 < z < 1.3, half of which are at z > 1, demonstrating th…
We present a catalogue of galaxy clusters detected in the Planck all-sky Compton parameter maps and identified using data from the WISE and SDSS surveys. The catalogue comprises about 3000 clusters in the SDSS fields. We expect the completeness of this catalogue to be high for clusters with masses larger than M_500 =~ 3x10^14 Msun, located at redshifts z<0.7. At redshifts above z=~0.4, the catalogue contains approximately an order of magnitude more clusters than the 2nd Planck Catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources in the same fields of the sky. This catalogue can be used for identification of…
We present an analytical model which reproduces measured galaxy number counts from surveys in the wavelength range of 500 micron to 2 mm. The model involves a single high-redshift galaxy population with a Schechter luminosity function which has been gravitationally lensed by galaxy clusters in the mass range 10^13 to 10^15 Msun. This simple model reproduces both the low flux and the high flux end of the number counts reported by the BLAST, SCUBA, AzTEC and the SPT surveys. In particular, our model accounts for the most luminous galaxies detected by SPT as the result of high magnifications by g…
We identified 132,684 clusters in the redshift range of 0.05<z<0.8 from SDSS DR8. The spectroscopic redshifts of 52,683 clusters have been included in the catalog using SDSS DR9 data. We found that BCGs are more luminous in richer clusters and at higher redshifts.
Galaxy mass and environment are known to play a key role in galaxy evolution: looking at galaxy colors at different redshifts, fixed galaxy mass and environment, offers a powerful diagnosis to disentangle the role of each. In this work, we study the simulateneous dependence of the fraction of blue galaxies fblue on secular evolution, environment and galaxy mass with a well-controlled cluster sample. We are thus able to study the evolution and respective role of the cessation of star formation history (SFH) in clusters due to galaxy mass ("mass quenching") or to environment ("environmental quen…
We study the systematic bias introduced when selecting the spectroscopic redshifts of brighter cluster galaxies to estimate the velocity dispersion of galaxy clusters from both simulated and observational galaxy catalogues. We select clusters with Ngal > 50 at five low redshift snapshots from a semi-analytic model galaxy catalogue, and from a catalogue of SDSS DR8 groups and clusters across the redshift range 0.021<z<0.098. We employ various selection techniques to explore whether the velocity dispersion bias is simply due to a lack of dynamical information or is the result of an underlying ph…
Observational galaxy cluster studies at z>1.5 probe the formation of the first massive M>10^14 Msun dark matter halos, the early thermal history of the hot ICM, and the emergence of the red-sequence population of quenched early-type galaxies. We present first results for the newly discovered X-ray luminous galaxy cluster XMMU J1007.4+1237 at z=1.555, detected and confirmed by the XMM-Newton Distant Cluster Project (XDCP) survey. We selected the system as a serendipitous weak extended X-ray source in XMM-Newton archival data and followed it up with two-band near-infrared imaging and deep optica…
In our work we considered orientations of bright X-ray halos of the galaxy clusters (mainly Abell clusters). 78 appropriate clusters were selected using data from Xgal sample of extragalactic objects in XMM-Newton observation archive. Position angles and eccentricities of these halos were calculated applying FOCAS method. No privileged orientations were found.
We introduce GalWeight, a new technique for assigning galaxy cluster membership. This technique is specifically designed to simultaneously maximize the number of bona fide cluster members while minimizing the number of contaminating interlopers. The GalWeight technique can be applied to both massive galaxy clusters and poor galaxy groups. Moreover, it is effective in identifying members in both the virial and infall regions with high efficiency. We apply the GalWeight technique to MDPL2 \& Bolshoi N-body simulations, and find that it is $> 98\%$ accurate in correctly assigning cluster membersh…
Gravitational lensing is a powerful probe of the mass distribution of galaxy clusters and cosmology. However, accurate measurements of the cluster mass profiles are limited by uncertainties in cluster astrophysics. In this work, we present a physically motivated model of baryonic effects on the cluster mass profiles, which self-consistently takes into account the impact of baryons on the concentration as well as mass accretion histories of galaxy clusters. We calibrate this model using the Omega500 hydrodynamical cosmological simulations of galaxy clusters with varying baryonic physics. Our mo…
Galaxy clusters are spectacular. We provide a Google Earth compatible imagery for the deep co-added images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and make it a tool for examing galaxy clusters. More details about how to get it can be found from the following website: https://sites.google.com/site/geclusters/
To study environmental effects on the circumgalactic medium (CGM), we use the samples of redMaPPer galaxy clusters, background quasars and cluster galaxies from the SDSS. With ~82 000 quasar spectra, we detect 197 MgII absorbers in and around the clusters. The detection rate per quasar is 2.7$\pm$0.7 times higher inside the clusters than outside the clusters, indicating that MgII absorbers are relatively abundant in clusters. However, when considering the galaxy number density, the absorber-to-galaxy ratio is rather low inside the clusters. If we assume that MgII absorbers are mainly contribut…
Galaxy cluster centring is a key issue for precision cosmology studies using galaxy surveys. Mis-identification of central galaxies causes systematics in various studies such as cluster lensing, satellite kinematics, and galaxy clustering. The red-sequence Matched-filter Probabilistic Percolation (redMaPPer) estimates the probability that each member galaxy is central from photometric information rather than specifying one central galaxy. The redMaPPer estimates can be used for calibrating the off-centring effect, however, the centring algorithm has not previously been well-tested. We test the…
Morphological types were determined for 247 rich galaxy clusters from the PF Catalogue of Galaxy Clusters and Groups. The adapted types are based on classical morphological schemes and consider concentration to the cluster center, the signs of preferential direction or plane in the cluster, and the positions of the brightest galaxies. It is shown that both concentration and preferential plane are significant and independent morphological criteria.
The method for detection of the galaxy cluster rotation based on the study of distribution of member galaxies with velocities lower and higher of the cluster mean velocity over the cluster image is proposed. The search for rotation is made for flat clusters with $a/b>1.8$ and BMI type clusters which are expected to be rotating. For comparison there were studied also round clusters and clusters of NBMI type, the second by brightness galaxy in which does not differ significantly from the cluster cD galaxy. Seventeen out of studied 65 clusters are found to be rotating. It was found that the detec…
Cosmological constraints from X-ray and microwave observations of galaxy clusters are subjected to systematic uncertainties. Non-thermal pressure support due to internal gas motions in galaxy clusters is one of the major sources of astrophysical uncertainties. Using a mass-limited sample of galaxy clusters from a high-resolution hydrodynamical cosmological simulation, we characterize the non-thermal pressure fraction profile and study its dependence on redshift, mass, and mass accretion rate. We find that the non-thermal pressure fraction profile is universal across redshift when galaxy cluste…
Although galaxy clusters have proved to be wonderful laboratories for testing a plethora of modified gravity theories and other exotic alternatives to $Λ$CDM, until a few years ago, there was only one paper (from 1974), which obtained a limit on graviton mass of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-29})$ eV with clusters. To rectify this, in the last few years multiple works have obtained different bounds on graviton mass using single cluster data as well as stacking galaxy catalogs. We review these recent limits on graviton mass using galaxy clusters obtained using disparate methods.
We investigate structural properties of massive galaxy populations in the central regions of five very massive galaxy clusters at z~1.4-1.7 from the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect survey. We probe the connection between galaxy structure and broad stellar population properties, at stellar masses log(M/Msun)>10.85. We find that quiescent and star-forming cluster galaxy populations are largely dominated by bulge- and disk-dominated sources, respectively, with relative contributions consistent with those of field counterparts. At the same time, the enhanced quiescent galaxy fractio…
Recently, the discovery of the radial acceleration relation (RAR) in galaxies has been regarded as an indirect support of alternative theories of gravity such as Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and modified gravity. This relation indicates a tight correlation between dynamical mass and baryonic mass in galaxies with different sizes and morphology. However, if the RAR relation is scale-independent and could be explained by alternative theories of gravity, this relation should be universal and true for galaxy clusters as well. In this article, by using the x-ray data of a sample of galaxy clu…
The gravitational slip parameter is an important discriminator between large classes of gravity theories at cosmological and astrophysical scales. In this work we use a combination of simulated information of galaxy cluster mass profiles, inferred by Strong+Weak lensing analyses and by the study of the dynamics of the cluster member galaxies, to reconstruct the gravitational slip parameter $η$ and predict the accuracy with which it can be constrained with current and future galaxy cluster surveys. Performing a full-likelihood statistical analysis, we show that galaxy cluster observations can c…
The clustering amplitude of galaxies depends on their intrinsic luminosity. We compare the properties of publicly available galaxy formation models with clustering measurements from the two-degree field galaxy redshift survey. The model predictions show the same qualitative behaviour as the data but fail to match the observations at the level of accuracy at which current measurements can be made. We demonstrate that this is due to the model producing too many satellite galaxies in massive haloes. We implement simple models to describe two new processes, satellite-satellite mergers and the tida…
The Milky Way System and the Andromeda galaxy experienced radically different evolutionary histories. Nevertheless, it is found that these two galaxies ended up with globular cluster systems in which individual clusters have indistinguishable distributions of half-light radii. Furthermore globulars in both M31 and the Galaxy are found to have radii that are independent of their luminosities. In this respect globular clusters differ drastically from early-type galaxies in which half-light radius and luminosity are tightly correlated. Metal-rich globular clusters in M31 occupy a slightly larger …
We present the "Galaxy Cluster Merger Catalog." This catalog provides an extensive suite of mock observations and related data for N-body and hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy cluster mergers and clusters from cosmological simulations. These mock observations consist of projections of a number of important observable quantities in several different wavebands as well as along different lines of sight through each simulation domain. The web interface to the catalog consists of easily browseable images over epoch and projection direction, as well as download links for the raw data and a JS9 in…
Context. Distant galaxy clusters provide an effective laboratory in which to study galaxy evolution in dense environments and at early cosmic times. Aims. We aim to identify distant galaxy clusters as extended X-ray sources coincident with overdensities of characteristically bright galaxies. Methods. We use optical and near-infrared (NIR) data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) and VISTA Deep Extragalactic Observations (VIDEO) surveys to identify distant galaxy clusters as overdensities of bright, $z_{phot}\geq 0.8$ galaxies associated with extended X-ray sources detected in the ultimate XMM ext…
In the past decade, the properties of annihilating dark matter models were examined by various kinds of data, including the data of gamma rays, radio waves, X-ray, positrons, electrons, antiprotons and neutrinos. In particular, most of the studies focus on the data of our Galaxy, nearby galaxies (e.g. M31 galaxy) or nearby galaxy clusters (e.g. Fornax cluster). In this article, we examine the archival radio continuum spectral data of a relatively high-redshift galaxy cluster (A697 cluster) to constrain the properties of annihilating dark matter. We find that leptophilic annihilation channels (…
Based on a recent photometric redshift galaxy catalogue, we have searched for galaxy clusters in the Stripe~82 region of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey by applying the Adami & MAzure Cluster FInder (AMACFI). Extensive tests were made to fine-tune the AMACFI parameters and make the cluster detection as reliable as possible. The same method was applied to the Millennium simulation to estimate our detection efficiency and the approximate masses of the detected clusters. Considering all the cluster galaxies (i.e. within a 1 Mpc radius of the cluster to which they belong and with a photoz differing b…
Starting from the 1970s, some relations connecting dark matter and baryons were discovered, such as the Tully-Fisher relation. However, many of the relations found in galaxies are quite different from that found in galaxy clusters. Here, we report two new mysterious universal relations connecting dark matter and baryons in both galaxies and galaxy clusters. The first relation indicates that the total dynamical mass of a galaxy or a galaxy cluster $M_{500}$ has a power-law relation with its total baryonic mass $M_b$ within the `virial region': $M_{500} \propto M_b^a$, with $a \approx 3/4$. The …
Accurate estimation of the merger timescale of galaxy clusters is important to understand the cluster merger process and further the formation and evolution of the large-scale structure of the universe. In this paper, we explore a baryonic effect on the merger timescale of galaxy clusters by using hydrodynamical simulations. We find that the baryons play an important role in accelerating the merger process. The merger timescale decreases with increasing the gas fraction of galaxy clusters. For example, the merger timescale is shortened by a factor of up to 3 for merging clusters with gas fract…
Based on the photometric redshift catalog of Zou H. et al. (2019), we apply a fast clustering algorithm to identify 540,432 galaxy clusters at $z\lesssim1$ in the DESI legacy imaging surveys, which cover a sky area of about 20,000 deg$^2$. Monte-Carlo simulations indicate that the false detection rate of our detecting method is about 3.1\%. The total masses of galaxy clusters are derived using a calibrated richness--mass relation that are based on the observations of X-ray emission and Sunyaev \& Zel'dovich effect. The median redshift and mass of our detected clusters are about 0.53 and $1.23\…
We present Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) follow-up observations of seven massive clusters detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) on the celestial equator using the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. We conducted multi-object spectroscopic observations with the Robert Stobie Spectrograph in order to measure galaxy redshifts in each cluster field, determine the cluster line-of-sight velocity dispersions, and infer the cluster dynamical masses. We find that the clusters, which span the redshift range 0.3 < z < 0.55, range in mass from (5 -- 20) x 10$^{14}$ solar masses (M200c). …
