We present an analytical model which reproduces measured galaxy number counts from surveys in the wavelength range of 500 micron to 2 mm. The model involves a single high-redshift galaxy population with a Schechter luminosity function which has been gravitationally lensed by galaxy clusters in the mass range 10^13 to 10^15 Msun. This simple model reproduces both the low flux and the high flux end of the number counts reported by the BLAST, SCUBA, AzTEC and the SPT surveys. In particular, our model accounts for the most luminous galaxies detected by SPT as the result of high magnifications by galaxy clusters (magnification factors of 10-30). This interpretation implies that submillimeter and millimeter surveys of this population may prove to be a useful addition to ongoing cluster detection surveys. The model also implies that the bulk of submillimeter galaxies detected at wavelengths larger than 500 micron lie at redshifts greater than 2.
Aims. The main goal of this paper is to derive observational constraints on the halo mass fuction (HMF) by performing a tomographic analysis of the magnification bias signal on a sample of background submillimeter galaxies. The results can then be compared with those from a non-tomographic study. Methods. We measure the cross-correlation function between a sample of foreground GAMA galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts in the range $0.1 < z < 0.8$ (and divided up into four bins) and a sample of background submillimeter galaxies from H-ATLAS with photometric redshifts in the range $1.2 < z < 4.…
Aims. The main purpose of this work is to provide a method to derive tabulated observational constraints on the halo mass function (HMF) by studying the magnification bias effect on high-redshift submillimeter galaxies. Under the assumption of universality, we parametrize the HMF according to two traditional models, namely the Sheth and Tormen (ST) and Tinker fits and assess their performance in explaining the measured data within the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. We also study the potential influence of the halo occupation distribution (HOD) parameters in this analysis and discuss two impo…
The high-z submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) can be used as background sample for gravitational lensing studies thanks to their magnification bias, which can manifest itself through a non-negligible measurement of the cross-correlation function between a background and a foreground source sample with non-overlapping redshift distributions. In particular, the choice of SMGs as background sample enhances the cross-correlation signal so as to provide an alternative and independent observable for cosmological studies regarding the probing of mass distribution. In particular the magnification bias can …
We test the impact of some systematic errors in weak lensing magnification measurements with the COSMOS 30-band photo-$z$ Survey flux limited to $I_{auto}<25.0$ using correlations of both source galaxy counts and magnitudes. Systematic obscuration effects are measured by comparing counts and magnification correlations. We use the ACS-HST catalogs to identify potential blending objects (close pairs) and perform the magnification analyses with and without blended objects. We find that blending effects start to be important ($\sim$ 0.04~mag obscuration) at angular scales smaller than 0.1 arcmin. …
Magnification changes the observed number counts of galaxies on the sky. This biases the observed tangential shear profiles around galaxies, the so-called galaxy-galaxy lensing (GGL) signal, and the related excess mass profile. Correspondingly, inference of physical quantities, such as the mean mass profile of halos around galaxies, are affected by magnification effects. We use simulated shear and galaxy data of the Millennium Simulation to quantify the effect on shear and mass estimates from magnified lens and source number counts. The former are due to the large-scale matter distribution in …
Lens Models Under the Microscope: Comparison of Hubble Frontier Field Cluster Magnification Maps
利用大质量星系团的引力透镜放大能力，哈勃前沿场提供了高红移宇宙的六个补丁的深度视图。深度哈勃成像和特殊的透镜强度相结合，揭示了最大数量的多重成像星系，可用于约束星系团质量分布模型。然而，即使每个聚类具有$\mathcal{O}(100)$图像，与重建相关联的不确定性也是不可忽略的。本文的目的是展示模型放大预测的多样性。我们分别研究了Abell 2744和MACS J0416的7和9个质量模型，这些模型于2015年9月提交给Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes供公众分发。模型预测值之间的离散度从常见低放大倍数（$μ\sim2$）下的30%增加到罕见高放大倍数（$μ\sim40$）下的70%。MACS J0416对$2<μ<10$的分散性小于Abell 2744。我们表明，放大率地图的基础上，不同的镜头反转技术通常彼此不同，超过他们引用的统计误差。这表明，一些模型低估了真正的不确定性，这主要是由于各种透镜简并。虽然精确的质量片简并被打破，但它的广义对应物至少在Abell 2744中没有被打破。其他的，本地简并也存在于这两个集群。我们的模型比较是互补的重建已知的合成质量分布的比较。通过关注观察到的星系团，我们可以识别出那些受到最好约束的星系团，从而提供遥远宇宙的最清晰视图。
Many distant objects can only be detected, or become more scientifically valuable, if they have been highly magnified by strong gravitational lensing. We use EAGLE and BAHAMAS, two recent cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, to predict the probability distribution for both the lens mass and lens redshift when point sources are highly magnified by gravitational lensing. For sources at a redshift of two, we find the distribution of lens redshifts to be broad, peaking at z=0.6. The contribution of different lens masses is also fairly broad, with most high-magnification lensing due to lenses w…
We study the impact of lensing magnification on the observed three-dimensional galaxy clustering in redshift space. We used the RayGal suite of N-body simulations, from which we extracted samples of dark matter particles and haloes in the redshift regime of interest for future large redshift surveys. Several magnitude-limited samples were built that reproduce various levels of magnification bias ranging from s = 0 to s = 1.2, where s is the logarithmic slope of the cumulative magnitude number counts, in three redshift intervals within 1 < z < 1.95. We studied the two-point correlation function…
Gravitational lensing magnification modifies the observed spatial distribution of galaxies and can severely bias cosmological probes of large-scale structure if not accurately modelled. Standard approaches to modelling this magnification bias may not be applicable in practice as many galaxy samples have complex, often implicit, selection functions. We propose and test a procedure to quantify the magnification bias induced in clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing (GGL) signals in galaxy samples subject to a selection function beyond a simple flux limit. The method employs realistic mock data to …
Weak lensing magnification in the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification Data
本文利用来自暗能量巡天科学验证数据集的数据，通过对两个由红移分隔的星系样本的位置进行互相关，研究了弱透镜放大率对星系数计数的影响。该分析是针对两个光度选择的星系样本进行的，其平均光度红移在riz波段的$0.2 < z < 0.4$和$0.7 < z < 1.0$范围内。在每个测试条带中检测到具有$3.5σ$显著性水平的信号，并且该信号与$Λ$ CDM模型预测的放大倍数兼容。经过广泛的分析，它不能归因于任何已知的系统性影响。放大信号的检测对测光红移的离群值率的估计不确定性是鲁棒的，但这将是一个重要的问题，用于从更大的样本放大测量的测光红移。除了放大信号的检测，一种方法来选择具有最大的信噪比的样品，提出并验证了数据。
Prospects for measuring the Doppler magnification dipole with LSST and DESI
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester（曼彻斯特大学乔德雷尔银行天体物理学中心）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Cape（西开普大学物理与天文系）；Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory（爱丁堡大学天文研究所皇家天文台）；School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London（伦敦大学玛丽女王学院物理与化学科学学院）
We investigate the importance of lensing magnification for estimates of galaxy clustering and its cross-correlation with shear for the photometric sample of Euclid. Using updated specifications, we study the impact of lensing magnification on the constraints and the shift in the estimation of the best fitting cosmological parameters that we expect if this effect is neglected. We follow the prescriptions of the official Euclid Fisher matrix forecast for the photometric galaxy clustering analysis and the combination of photometric clustering and cosmic shear. The slope of the luminosity function…
