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arXiv 1609.09150physics.optics
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利用有序光学元件实现高对比度自成像

High-contrast self-imaging with ordered optical elements

Ali Naqavi, Hans Peter Herzig, Markus Rossi

摘要:

创建任意光图案在包括光刻、光束成形、计量、感测和成像的各种领域中找到应用。我们研究了通过有序光学元件自成像获得的高对比度光图案的形成,并应用相空间方法解释了Talbot效应和角度Talbot效应等现象。我们表明,当源是平面波或点源时,图像对比度是最大的,并且对于具有有限空间范围的源,图像对比度具有最小值。我们比较这些制度,并解决他们的一些根本差异。具体来说,我们证明了增加源发散度降低了平面波照明的对比度,但增加了点源的对比度。此外,我们表明,要实现高对比度的点源,调整源的大小和它的距离的元素是至关重要的。我们进一步指出和探索的可能性,实现高度复杂的光模式,通过使用周期性的传输元件。这些图案在远场中可以具有比周期性元件的衍射级的数量更多的斑点。我们预测,最终的图像对比度是较小的点源相比,平面波。我们的模拟证实,在图像中的最小可实现的光斑尺寸是由衍射施加的成像制度无关。我们的研究可以应用于类似的领域,例如量子系统。

英文摘要:

Creating arbitrary light patterns finds applications in various domains including lithography, beam shaping, metrology, sensing and imaging. We study the formation of high-contrast light patterns that are obtained by transmission through an ordered optical element based on self-imaging.By applying the phase-space method, we explain phenomena such as the Talbot and the angular Talbot effects. We show that the image contrast is maximum when the source is either a plane wave or a point source, and it has a minimum for a source with finite spatial extent. We compare these regimes and address some of their fundamental differences. Specifically, we prove that increasing the source divergence reduces the contrast for the plane wave illumination but increases it for the point source. Also, we show that to achieve high contrast with a point source, tuning the source size and its distance to the element is crucial.We furthermore indicate and explore the possibility of realizing highly complex light patterns by using a periodic transmission element. These patterns can have more spots in the far field than the number of diffraction orders of the periodic element. We predict that the ultimate image contrast is smaller for a point source compared to a plane wave. Our simulations confirm that the smallest achievable spot size in the image is imposed by diffraction regardless of the imaging regime. Our research can be applied to similar domains e.g. quantum systems.

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