arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1609.07855q-bio.PEcond-mat.stat-mechphysics.bio-ph
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单个捕食者向一群猎物发起冲锋:自身体积和捕食者-猎物决策的影响

A single predator charging a herd of prey: effects of self volume and predator-prey decision-making

M. Schwarzl, A. Godec, G. Oshanin, R. Metzler

摘要:

我们研究了二维正方形格子景观上单个捕食者捕食一群猎物的成功程度。我们明确地考虑了自身体积的猎物约束他们的动力学上的晶格。捕食者和猎物的运动被选择为包括基于它们各自的瞄准范围的智能决策步骤,在该半径中它们可以检测到其他物种(猎物除了自身体积相互作用之外不能识别彼此):在发现彼此之后,猎物和捕食者的运动分别从最近的邻居随机行走变成直接逃跑或追逐。我们考虑了一个大范围的猎物密度和视线范围,并计算平均第一次通过时间的捕食者捕捉猎物以及狩猎猎物的有效动态。我们发现,猎物的视线范围支配他们的预期寿命和捕食者的利润从一个坏视力的猎物比从他自己的好视力。我们用捕食者和最近的猎物之间的平均距离来描述动态。事实证明,这个距离坐标的动态可以有效地用一个简单的奥恩斯坦-乌伦贝克图来捕捉。将多体问题简化为简单的两体问题,通过想象捕食者和最近的猎物通过胡克键连接,模型的所有特征,如猎物密度和视线范围,都合并到有效结合常数中。

英文摘要:

We study the degree of success of a single predator hunting a herd of prey on a two dimensional square lattice landscape. We explicitly consider the self volume of the prey restraining their dynamics on the lattice. The movement of both predator and prey is chosen to include an intelligent, decision making step based on their respective sighting ranges, the radius in which they can detect the other species (prey cannot recognise each other besides the self volume interaction): after spotting each other the motion of prey and predator turns from a nearest neighbour random walk into direct escape or chase, respectively. We consider a large range of prey densities and sighting ranges and compute the mean first passage time for a predator to catch a prey as well as characterise the effective dynamics of the hunted prey. We find that the prey's sighting range dominates their life expectancy and the predator profits more from a bad eyesight of the prey than from his own good eye sight. We characterise the dynamics in terms of the mean distance between the predator and the nearest prey. It turns out that effectively the dynamics of this distance coordinate can be captured in terms of a simple Ornstein-Uhlenbeck picture. Reducing the many-body problem to a simple two-body problem by imagining predator and nearest prey to be connected by a Hookean bond, all features of the model such as prey density and sighting ranges merge into the effective binding constant.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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