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arXiv 1609.06981quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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量子测量的基本能量代价

Fundamental energy cost for quantum measurement

Kais Abdelkhalek, Yoshifumi Nakata, David Reeb

摘要:

测量和反馈对于控制任何在量子尺度上运行并利用量子物理特性的设备都是必不可少的。随着量子分量数量的增加,考虑这种基本操作的能量消耗变得势在必行。在这里,我们推导出一般量子测量的能量要求,扩展了以前的模型,并在相关情况下获得更强的界限,然后详细研究了两类重要的测量。一个是投影测量,在这里我们获得确切的成本,而不是一个下限,另一个是所谓的低效测量,其中我们明确表明,能量提取是可能的。作为应用,我们导出了量子Zeno稳定方案中的能量-精度权衡和量子纠错的精确能量消耗。我们的研究结果构成了基本的能量限制,随着复杂性的增长,这些限制可以作为未来量子设备的基准实现。

英文摘要:

Measurements and feedback are essential in the control of any device operating at the quantum scale and exploiting the features of quantum physics. As the number of quantum components grows, it becomes imperative to consider the energetic expense of such elementary operations. Here, we derive energy requirements for general quantum measurement, extending previous models and obtaining stronger bounds in relevant situations, and then study two important classes of measurements in detail. One is the projective measurement, where we obtain the exact cost rather than a lower bound, and the other is the so-called inefficient measurement, in which we explicitly show that energy extraction is possible. As applications, we derive the energy-precision trade-off in quantum Zeno stabilisation schemes and the exact energy expense for quantum error correction. Our results constitute fundamental energetic limitations against which to benchmark implementations of future quantum devices as they grow in complexity.

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