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arXiv 1802.04378quant-phcond-mat.stat-mechmath-phmath.MP
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量子多体系统测量的基本限制

Fundamental limitations for measurements in quantum many-body systems

Thomas Barthel, Jianfeng Lu

摘要:

在量子模拟时代,动力学测量方案是研究量子多体系统的重要工具。在这里,我们解决的问题是否可以有效地实现通用的测量,如果我们有一定的一组实验实现的测量,并可以通过时间演化扩展它。对于后者,两种情况被认为是(a)根据酉电路和(b)由于我们可以控制在一个依赖于时间的方式的哈密顿的演变。我们发现,实现一定的测量到预定义的精度所需的时间通常与系统大小呈指数关系,这是一个根本性的限制。该论点是基于,$\varepsilon$ -包装的建设具有相同的频谱和比较他们的基数的量子线路和酉时间演化运营商的$\varepsilon$覆盖。前者与格拉斯曼流形的研究有关。

英文摘要:

Dynamical measurement schemes are an important tool for the investigation of quantum many-body systems, especially in the age of quantum simulation. Here, we address the question whether generic measurements can be implemented efficiently if we have access to a certain set of experimentally realizable measurements and can extend it through time evolution. For the latter, two scenarios are considered (a) evolution according to unitary circuits and (b) evolution due to Hamiltonians that we can control in a time-dependent fashion. We find that the time needed to realize a certain measurement to a predefined accuracy scales in general exponentially with the system size -- posing a fundamental limitation. The argument is based, on the construction of $\varepsilon$-packings for manifolds of observables with identical spectra and a comparison of their cardinalities to those of $\varepsilon$-coverings for quantum circuits and unitary time-evolution operators. The former is related to the study of Grassmann manifolds.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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