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arXiv 1609.05271cond-mat.stat-mech
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异常冷却和加热-Mpemba效应及其逆效应

Anomalous cooling and heating - the Mpemba effect and its inverse

Zhiyue Lu, Oren Raz

备注：
SI included as a separated pdf file
发表信息：
PNAS May 16, 2017 vol. 114 no. 20 5083-5088
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摘要：

在某些条件下，冷却热系统比冷却在较低温度下启动的相同系统花费更短的时间。这种现象--“Mpemba效应”--在水中是众所周知的，最近也在其他系统中观察到。然而，没有单一的通用机制来解释这种违反直觉的行为。使用非平衡态热力学的理论框架，我们提出了一个广泛适用的机制，这种效果，推导出一个充分条件，其外观在马尔可夫动力学，并预测逆Mpemba效应加热：在适当的条件下，冷系统可以加热速度比相同的系统在更高的温度下启动。我们的研究结果表明，应该可以在各种系统中观察到Mpemba效应及其逆效应，这些系统以前从未被证明过。

英文摘要：

Under certain conditions, it takes a shorter time to cool a hot system than to cool the same system initiated at a lower temperature. This phenomenon - the "Mpemba Effect" - is well known in water, and has recently been observed in other systems as well. However, there is no single generic mechanism that explains this counter-intuitive behavior. Using the theoretical framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, we present a widely applicable mechanism for this effect, derive a sufficient condition for its appearance in Markovian dynamics, and predict an inverse Mpemba effect in heating: under proper conditions, a cold system can heat up faster than the same system initiated at a higher temperature. Our results suggest that it should be possible to observe the Mpemba effect and its inverse in a variety of systems, where they have never been demonstrated before.

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