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arXiv 1609.01167astro-ph.HE
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Blazar中相对论激波的光谱和偏振特征

Spectral and Polarization Signatures of Relativistic Shocks in Blazars

Markus Boettcher

摘要:

相对论激波是相对论粒子通过扩散激波加速(DSA)从相对论性喷流源(如耀变体)发射强变偏振多波长辐射的最合理场所之一。本文总结了blazar喷流中扩散激波加速和辐射传输自洽耦合的最新研究结果。我们证明了所观测到的耀变体的谱能量分布(SED)通过要求强烈的能量依赖的俯仰角平均自由程来强烈地约束引起俯仰角散射的磁流体湍流的性质。(“大蓝凸点”)在BL Lac天体AO 0235+的SED中164可以被建模为热电子布居对外部辐射场的体康普顿散射的签名,这对磁流体湍流的水平施加了额外的约束。它已被进一步证明,内部冲击传播的射流由螺旋磁场自然产生的偏振角摆动180 $^o$,串联与多波长耀斑活动,而不需要任何螺旋运动路径或其他不对称的射流结构。这个模型的具体应用3C 279提出了第一个一致的,同时建模的快照SED,多波长的光变曲线和时间依赖的偏振信号的耀变体在偏振角(PA)旋转。这个模型最近被推广到一个轻强子模型,其中的高能辐射主要是质子同步辐射。结果表明,在这种情况下,高能量(X射线和$γ$ -射线)的偏振签名预计将显着更稳定(不显示PA旋转)比低能量(电子同步加速器)签名。

英文摘要:

Relativistic shocks are one of the most plausible sites of the emission of strongly variable, polarized multi-wavelength emission from relativistic jet sources such as blazars, via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of relativistic particles. This paper summarizes recent results on a self-consistent coupling of diffusive shock acceleration and radiation transfer in blazar jets. We demonstrate that the observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of blazars strongly constrain the nature of hydromagnetic turbulence responsible for pitch-angle scattering by requiring a strongly energy-dependent pitch-angle mean free path. The prominent soft X-ray excess ("Big Blue Bump") in the SED of the BL Lac object AO 0235+164 can be modelled as the signature of bulk Compton scattering of external radiation fields by the thermal electron population, which places additional constraints on the level of hydromagnetic turbulence. It has further been demonstrated that internal shocks propagating in a jet pervaded by a helical magnetic field naturally produce polarization-angle swings by 180$^o$, in tandem with multi-wavelength flaring activity, without requiring any helical motion paths or other asymmetric jet structures. The specific application of this model to 3C279 presents the first consistent, simultaneous modeling of snap-shot SEDs, multi-wavelength light curves and time-dependent polarization signatures of a blazar during a polarization-angle (PA) rotation. This model has recently been generalized to a lepto-hadronic model, in which the high-energy emission is dominated by proton synchrotron radiation. It is shown that in this case, the high-energy (X-ray and $γ$-ray) polarization signatures are expected to be significantly more stable (not showing PA rotations) than the low-energy (electron-synchrotron) signatures.

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