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arXiv 2108.12271astro-ph.HE
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extreme-TeV耀变体中相对论激波的电子质子共加速

Electron-proton co-acceleration on relativistic shocks in extreme-TeV blazars

Andreas Zech, Martin Lemoine

摘要:

新发现的“极端TeV”耀变体的多波长发射,康普顿峰值频率约为1 TeV,很难用标准的单区发射模型解释。似乎需要大的最小电子洛伦兹因子值和相当低的磁化强度值。我们提出了一个方案,质子和电子共同加速的内部或准直冲击内的相对论性喷流。在这种情况下,能量从质子转移到激波过渡层中的电子,自然导致后者的最小洛伦兹因子很高。在相对论冲击中,低磁化有利于粒子加速。激波共加速的情况下提供了额外的约束的一个标准的单区轻强子发射模型的参数集,减少其简并。根据第一性原理,这里的磁场强度为几个mG,最小电子洛伦兹因子为10^3 ~ 10^4,这是对观测到的极端耀变体光谱能量分布进行满意描述所必需的。虽然在一个单一的站立冲击的加速足以复制我们已经检查过的大多数极端TeV源的发射,第二冲击的再加速似乎需要那些最硬的伽马射线谱的对象。来自加速质子群的发射,具有与电子相同的数密度,但在较低的洛伦兹因子范围内,被强烈抑制。令人满意的自我一致的陈述,发现这个新的耀变体类的最突出的代表。

英文摘要:

The multi-wavelength emission from a newly identified population of `extreme-TeV' blazars, with Compton peak frequencies around 1 TeV, is difficult to interpret with standard one-zone emission models. Large values of the minimum electron Lorentz factor and quite low magnetisation values seem to be required. We propose a scenario where protons and electrons are co-accelerated on internal or recollimation shocks inside the relativistic jet. In this situation, energy is transferred from the protons to the electrons in the shock transition layer, leading naturally to a high minimum Lorentz factor for the latter. A low magnetisation favours the acceleration of particles in relativistic shocks. The shock co-acceleration scenario provides additional constraints on the set of parameters of a standard one-zone lepto-hadronic emission model, reducing its degeneracy. Values of the magnetic field strength of a few mG and minimum electron Lorentz factors of 10^3 to 10^4, required to provide a satisfactory description of the observed spectral energy distributions of extreme blazars, result here from first principles. While acceleration on a single standing shock is sufficient to reproduce the emission of most of the extreme-TeV sources we have examined, re-acceleration on a second shock appears needed for those objects with the hardest gamma-ray spectra. Emission from the accelerated proton population, with the same number density as the electrons but in a lower range of Lorentz factors, is strongly suppressed. Satisfactory self-consistent representations were found for the most prominent representatives of this new blazar class.

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