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arXiv 1608.08730physics.comp-ph
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引力场下多尺度流动输运的平衡统一气体动力学格式

A Well-Balanced Unified Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Multiscale Flow Transport Under Gravitational Field

Tianbai Xiao, Qingdong Cai, Kun Xu

摘要:

引力场作用下的气体动力学常伴随着密度变化大、局部努森数变化范围大的多尺度性质。建立一个可靠的数值算法来准确地捕捉不同区域的非平衡物理效应是一个挑战。本文建立了一个适用于引力场下各种流型的气体动力学统一格式(UGKS),该格式可用于非平衡重力气体体系的研究。这里的良平衡方案是指在任何初始条件下,使孤立引力系统演化到等温流体静力平衡态并保持其解的方法。保持这一性质对于研究缓慢演化的引力系统(如恒星和星系的形成)的数值格式是很重要的。基于Boltzmann模型的外部强迫项,解析的时间演化(或尺度相关)的解决方案被构造,以提供相应的动力学在细胞大小和时间步长尺度,这是随后使用的UGKS的建设。结果表明,随着数值时间步与局部粒子碰撞时间之比的变化,UGKS能够恢复不同区域的流动物理特性,并提供气体动力学的连续谱。利用UGKS首次可以研究过渡区引力系统的流动物理,并可以清楚地识别这种引力系统中的非平衡现象。数值算例验证了该格式的有效性。将介绍新的物理观测结果,例如过渡区中的引力场和热通量之间的相关性。该方法为研究非平衡引力系统提供了一种不可缺少的工具。

英文摘要:

The gas dynamics under gravitational field is usually associated with the multiple scale nature due to large density variation and a wide range of local Knudsen number. It is chal- lenging to construct a reliable numerical algorithm to accurately capture the non-equilibrium physical effect in different regimes. In this paper, a well-balanced unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS) for all flow regimes under gravitational field will be developed, which can be used for the study of non-equilibrium gravitational gas system. The well-balanced scheme here is defined as a method to evolve an isolated gravitational system under any initial condition to an isothermal hydrostatic equilibrium state and to keep such a solution. To preserve such a property is important for a numerical scheme, which can be used for the study of slowly evolving gravitational system, such as the formation of star and galaxy. Based on the Boltzmann model with external forcing term, an analytic time evolving (or scale-dependent) solution is constructed to provide the corresponding dynamics in the cell size and time step scale, which is subsequently used in the construction of UGKS. As a result, with the varia- tion of the ratio between the numerical time step and local particle collision time, the UGKS is able to recover flow physics in different regimes and provides a continuum spectrum of gas dynamics. For the first time, the flow physics of a gravitational system in the transition regime can be studied using the UGKS, and the non-equilibrium phenomena in such a grav- itational system can be clearly identified. Many numerical examples will be used to validate the scheme. New physical observation, such as the correlation between the gravitational field and the heat flux in the transition regime, will be presented. The current method provides an indispensable tool for the study of non-equilibrium gravitational system.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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