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arXiv 1608.06404math.CO
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多项式与二阶线性递归

Polynomials and Second Order Linear Recurrences

Soumyabrata Pal, Shankar M. Venkatesan

摘要:

最有趣的结果之一,上个世纪是证明完成的Matijasevich说,可计算的集合正是丢番图集[MRDP定理,9],从而解决,根据以前开发的机器,希尔伯特的问题是否存在一个通用算法检查可解性整数的任何丢番图方程。在本文中,我们描述的技术,以证明不存在的多项式在两个变量的一些简单的推广的斐波那契序列(明确的丢番图表示的斐波那契数是已知的琼斯多项式的正值范围相同的斐波那契数),我们相信类似的技术存在的素数。在本文中,我们主要展示了以下结果:(1)利用已知的求解Pell方程的许多技术之一,即在一个扩展的数制中的解,我们证明了存在并明确地找到了形式为$e(n)=ae(n-1)+e(n-2)$的递归多项式,特别地,对于任意的起始值,起始值为0和1,在定义基本起始数概念的过程中,(2)我们证明了几个似乎很有趣和有用的恒等式,(三)我们使用这些身份在一个新的方式来产生系统的方程的某些秩亏,使用我们反驳了第一次$e(n)=ae(n-1)+be(n-2)$形式的广义递归的二元多项式的存在性

英文摘要:

One of the most interesting results of the last century was the proof completed by Matijasevich that computably enumerable sets are precisely the diophantine sets [MRDP Theorem, 9], thus settling, based on previously developed machinery, Hilbert's question whether there exists a general algorithm for checking the solvability in integers of any diophantine equation. In this paper we describe techniques to prove the nonexistence of polynomials in two variables for some simple generalizations of the Fibonacci sequence (explicit diophantine representation of Fibonacci numbers were known from Jones' polynomial whose positive values have the same range as that of Fibonacci numbers), and we believe similar techniques exist for the primes. In this paper we mainly show the following results: (1) using one of the many techniques known for solving the Pell's equation, namely the solution in an extended number system, we prove the existence and explicitly find the polynomials for the recurrences of the form $e(n)=ae(n-1)+e(n-2)$ with starting values of 0 and 1 in particular, and for any arbitrary starting values, in the process defining a concept of fundamental starting numbers, (2) we prove a few identities that seem to be quite interesting and useful, (3) we use these identities in a novel way to generate systems of equations of certain rank deficiency using which we disprove for the first time the existence of any polynomial in 2 variables for the generalized recurrence of the form $e(n)=ae(n-1)+be(n-2)$

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