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arXiv 1608.06004astro-ph.COgr-qc
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相对论非均匀宇宙学中的背景弗里德曼哈勃常数与宇宙年龄

The background Friedmannian Hubble constant in relativistic inhomogeneous cosmology and the age of the Universe

Boudewijn F. Roukema, Pierre Mourier, Thomas Buchert, Jan J. Ostrowski

摘要:

在相对论性非均匀宇宙学中,结构的形成与平均宇宙膨胀相耦合。一种保守的建模方法是假设早期的爱因斯坦-德西特模型(EdS),并将其作为一个“背景模型”在宇宙学时间中向前推断,从而可以测量今天宇宙的平均属性。这就需要采用早期标准化的背景哈勃常数$H_1^{bg}$。在这里,我们表明,$Λ$ CDM模型可以作为一个观测代理估计$H_1^{bg}$,而不是任意选择它。我们假设(一)早期的EdS模型;(二)零暗能量参数;(三)双域标量平均-划分的空间部分到过密和欠密区域;和(四)virialisation(稳定聚类)的塌陷区域。我们发现$H_1^{bg}= 37.7 \pm 0.4$ km/s/Mpc(随机误差)的基础上普朗克$Λ$ CDM观测代理。此外,由于标量平均膨胀率预计将超过(外推)背景膨胀率,因此宇宙的预期年龄应该远小于$2/(3 H_1^{bg}) = 17.3$ Gyr。银河隆起微透镜低质量恒星的最大恒星年龄(最有可能:14.7 Gyr; 68%置信度:14.0- 15.0 Gyr)表明,其年龄比(无反反应)$Λ$ CDM估计的年龄大1 Gyr。

英文摘要:

In relativistic inhomogeneous cosmology, structure formation couples to average cosmological expansion. A conservative approach to modelling this assumes an Einstein--de Sitter model (EdS) at early times and extrapolates this forward in cosmological time as a "background model" against which average properties of today's Universe can be measured. This requires adopting an early-epoch--normalised background Hubble constant $H_1^{bg}$. Here, we show that the $Λ$CDM model can be used as an observational proxy to estimate $H_1^{bg}$ rather than choose it arbitrarily. We assume (i) an EdS model at early times; (ii) a zero dark energy parameter; (iii) bi-domain scalar averaging---division of the spatial sections into over- and underdense regions; and (iv) virialisation (stable clustering) of collapsed regions. We find $H_1^{bg}= 37.7 \pm 0.4$ km/s/Mpc (random error only) based on a Planck $Λ$CDM observational proxy. Moreover, since the scalar-averaged expansion rate is expected to exceed the (extrapolated) background expansion rate, the expected age of the Universe should be much less than $2/(3 H_1^{bg}) = 17.3$ Gyr. The maximum stellar age of Galactic Bulge microlensed low-mass stars (most likely: 14.7 Gyr; 68\% confidence: 14.0--15.0 Gyr) suggests an age about a Gyr older than the (no-backreaction) $Λ$CDM estimate.

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