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arXiv 1608.05028astro-ph.HE
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GRB外流的历史:X射线耀斑的发射洛伦兹因子和辐射定位

The History of GRB Outflows: Ejection Lorentz Factor and Radiation Location of X-Ray Flares

Hui-Jun Mu, Da-Bin Lin, Shao-Qiang Xi, Ting-Ting Lin, Yuan-Zhu Wang, Yun-Feng Liang, Lian-Zhong Lv, Jin Zhang, En-Wei Liang

摘要:

本文对Swift/X射线望远镜观测到的29个伽玛暴的明亮X射线耀斑的陡衰变段进行了时间分辨光谱分析,并用曲率效应模型模拟了它们的光变曲线和谱指数演化行为。结果表明,观测到的快速通量衰减和强光谱指数随时间的演化可以很好地用该模型拟合,导出的特征时间尺度($t_c$)在$33\sim 264$秒范围内。利用由瞬发γ射线导出的峰值亮度与洛伦兹因子之间的经验关系,我们估算了耀斑的洛伦兹因子($Γ_{\rm X}$)。我们得到了中值为$52$的$Γ_{\rm X}=17\sim 87$,它小于瞬发γ射线火球的初始洛伦兹因子。利用导出的$t_c$和$Γ_{\rm X}$,我们对13个X射线耀斑的辐射区域进行了约束,得到了小于耀斑峰值时刻余辉火球半径的$R_{\rm X}=(0.2\sim 1.1)\times 10^{16}$ cm。将我们的结果与一个初始Lorentz因子已知的伽玛暴样品结合,发现了一个从瞬发γ射线相到X射线历元的长演化特征,即$Γ\propto [t_{p}/(1+z)]^{-0.69\pm 0.06}$。这些结果可能揭示伽玛暴中心引擎的长期演变。

英文摘要:

We present time-resolved spectral analysis of the steep decay segments of 29 bright X-ray flares of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed with the Swift/X-ray telescope, and model their lightcurves and spectral index evolution behaviors with the curvature effect model. Our results show that the observed rapid flux decay and strong spectral index evolution with time can be well fit with this model, and the derived characteristic timescales ($t_c$) are in the range of $33\sim 264$ seconds. Using an empirical relation between the peak luminosity and the Lorentz factor derived from the prompt gamma-rays, we estimate the Lorentz factors of the flares ($Γ_{\rm X}$). We obtain $Γ_{\rm X}=17\sim 87$ with a median value of $52$, which is smaller than the initial Lorentz factors of prompt gamma-ray fireballs. With the derived $t_c$ and $Γ_{\rm X}$, we constrain the radiating regions of 13 X-ray flares, yielding $R_{\rm X}=(0.2\sim 1.1)\times 10^{16}$ cm, which are smaller than the radii of the afterglow fireballs at the peak times of the flares. A long evolution feature from prompt gamma-ray phase to the X-ray epoch is found by incorporating our results with a sample of GRBs whose initial Lorentz factors are available in literatures, i.e., $Γ\propto [t_{p}/(1+z)]^{-0.69\pm 0.06}$. These results may shed lights on the long term evolution of GRB central engines.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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