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北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 1608.01577math.CO
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几乎所有的树几乎都是优美的

Almost all trees are almost graceful

Anna Adamaszek, Peter Allen, Codrut Grosu, Jan Hladky

摘要:

Rosa在1967年提出的优美树猜想中指出,每一棵n阶树T的顶点都可以用数{1,2,.,n},使得在边缘上引起的绝对差是成对不同的。我们证明了对任意c>0和对任意n>n_0(c),猜想的下述松弛.假设(i)T的最大度以O(n/log n)为界,(ii)顶点标号选自集合{1,2,.,(1+c)n}。然后有一个V(T)的内射标记,使得边缘上的绝对差是两两不同的。特别是,渐近几乎所有的树在n个顶点承认这样的标签。因此,对于任何这样的树T,我们可以循环地将T的(2+2c)n-1个拷贝包装成阶为(2+2c)n-1的完全图。这证明了Ringel-Kotzig猜想的一个近似版本(该猜想断言任何T的2n-1个副本到2n-1阶的完全图中的循环填充的存在)。证明过程表明,一定的非常自然的随机算法产生所需的标签具有很高的概率。

英文摘要:

The Graceful Tree Conjecture of Rosa from 1967 asserts that the vertices of each tree T of order n can be injectively labelled by using the numbers {1,2,...,n} in such a way that the absolute differences induced on the edges are pairwise distinct. We prove the following relaxation of the conjecture for each c>0 and for all n>n_0(c). Suppose that (i) the maximum degree of T is bounded by O(n/log n), and (ii) the vertex labels are chosen from the set {1,2,..., (1+c)n}. Then there is an injective labelling of V(T) such that the absolute differences on the edges are pairwise distinct. In particular, asymptotically almost all trees on n vertices admit such a labelling. As a consequence, for any such tree T we can pack (2+2c)n-1 copies of T into the complete graph of order (2+2c)n-1 cyclically. This proves an approximate version of the Ringel-Kotzig conjecture (which asserts the existence of a cyclic packing of 2n-1 copies of any T into the complete graph of order 2n-1) for these trees. The proof proceeds by showing that a certain very natural randomized algorithm produces a desired labelling with high probability.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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