arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1608.01040math.CO
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超图的欧拉性质

Eulerian properties of hypergraphs

M. Amin Bahmanian, Mateja Šajna

摘要:

在本文中,我们研究了超图中的三个子结构,推广了图中欧拉环的概念。一个超图的一个旗遍历图对应于它的关联图的一个欧拉图,因此从欧拉定理可以得到具有欧拉图的超图的完全特征。欧拉环是遍历超图的每条边一次的闭行走;欧拉族是不能连接的闭行走族,它们联合遍历超图的每条边一次。Lonc和Naroski已经证明了即使在3-一致超图的一个非常有限的子类上,Euler环的存在性问题也是NP-完全的,而我们证明了Euler族的存在性问题是所有超图类上的多项式。此外,我们研究的必要条件超图承认欧拉家庭(欧拉旅游,分别),我们表明,虽然这些必要条件是充分的连通图,他们是不充分的一般超图。另一方面,我们展示了一类新的超图,这些必要条件也是充分的,扩展了Lonc和Naroski的结果。本文利用超图的交图给出了具有Euler族(分别为Euler之旅)的超图的部分刻画,并利用关联图给出了一个完整的刻画(但不容易验证).对于具有Euler族的超图,利用Lovász定理给出了一个完备的可验证的刻画,并证明了每个无割边的3-一致超图都存在Euler族.最后,我们证明了超图是欧拉族的充要条件是它可以分解成圈,并给出了超图的2-因子与其对偶的欧拉性质之间的关系。

英文摘要:

In this paper we study three substructures in hypergraphs that generalize the notion of an Euler tour in a graph. A flag-traversing tour of a hypergraph corresponds to an Euler tour of its incidence graph, hence complete characterization of hypergraphs with an Euler tour follows from Euler's Theorem. An Euler tour is a closed walk that traverses each edge of the hypergraph exactly once; and an Euler family is a family of closed walks that cannot be concatenated and that jointly traverse each edge of the hypergraph exactly once. Lonc and Naroski have shown that the problem of existence of an Euler tour is NP-complete even on a very restricted subclass of 3-uniform hypergraphs, while we show that the problem of existence of an Euler family is polynomial on the class of all hypergraphs. Furthermore, we examine the necessary conditions for a hypergraph to admit an Euler family (Euler tour, respectively); we show that while these necessary conditions are sufficient for connected graphs, they are not sufficient for general hypergraphs. On the other hand, we exhibit a new class of hypergraphs for which these necessary conditions are also sufficient, extending a result by Lonc and Naroski. We give a partial characterization of hypergraphs with an Euler family (Euler tour, respectively) in terms of the intersection graph of the hypergraph, and a complete (but not easy to verify) characterization in terms of the incidence graph. For hypergraphs with an Euler family, we give a complete verifiable characterization using a theorem of Lovász, and then show that every 3-uniform hypergraph without cut edges admits an Euler family. Finally, we show that a hypergraph admits an Euler family if and only if it can be decomposed into cycles, and exhibit a relationship between 2-factors in a hypergraph and eulerian properties of its dual.

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