Towards Analytics Aware Ontology Based Access to Static and Streaming Data (Extended Version)
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Athens University of Economics and Business（雅典经济与商业大学）；University of Athens（雅典大学）；University of Lübeck（吕贝克大学）；Siemens Corporate Technology（西门子中央研究院）
Real-time analytics that requires integration and aggregation of heterogeneous and distributed streaming and static data is a typical task in many industrial scenarios such as diagnostics of turbines in Siemens. OBDA approach has a great potential to facilitate such tasks; however, it has a number of limitations in dealing with analytics that restrict its use in important industrial applications. Based on our experience with Siemens, we argue that in order to overcome those limitations OBDA should be extended and become analytics, source, and cost aware. In this work we propose such an extension. In particular, we propose an ontology, mapping, and query language for OBDA, where aggregate and other analytical functions are first class citizens. Moreover, we develop query optimisation techniques that allow to efficiently process analytical tasks over static and streaming data. We implement our approach in a system and evaluate our system with Siemens turbine data.
CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Université Paris Sud（巴黎南大学）；UC Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校）；University of Bremen（不来梅大学）；University of Liverpool（利物浦大学）
Ontology-based data access is concerned with querying incomplete data sources in the presence of domain-specific knowledge provided by an ontology. A central notion in this setting is that of an ontology-mediated query, which is a database query coupled with an ontology. In this paper, we study several classes of ontology-mediated queries, where the database queries are given as some form of conjunctive query and the ontologies are formulated in description logics or other relevant fragments of first-order logic, such as the guarded fragment and the unary-negation fragment. The contributions o…
In ontology-based data access, multiple data sources are integrated using an ontology and mappings. In practice, this is often achieved by a bootstrapping process, that is, the ontology and mappings are first designed to support only the most important queries over the sources and then gradually extended to enable additional queries. In this paper, we study two reasoning problems that support such an approach. The expressibility problem asks whether a given source query $q_s$ is expressible as a target query (that is, over the ontology's vocabulary) and the verification problem asks, additiona…
University of Montpellier（蒙彼利埃大学）；University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）
In the presence of inconsistencies, repair techniques thrive to restore consistency by reasoning with several repairs. However, since the number of repairs can be large, standard inconsistent tolerant semantics usually yield few answers. In this paper, we use the notion of syntactic distance between repairs following the intuition that it can allow us to cluster some repairs "close" to each other. In this way, we propose a generic framework to answer queries in a more personalise fashion.
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano（博尔扎诺自由大学）；University of Milano-Bicocca（米兰比可卡大学）
Ontology-based data access (OBDA) is a popular paradigm for querying heterogeneous data sources by connecting them through mappings to an ontology. In OBDA, it is often difficult to reconstruct why a tuple occurs in the answer of a query. We address this challenge by enriching OBDA with provenance semirings, taking inspiration from database theory. In particular, we investigate the problems of (i) deciding whether a provenance annotated OBDA instance entails a provenance annotated conjunctive query, and (ii) computing a polynomial representing the provenance of a query entailed by a provenance…
Ontology-based data access (OBDA) is a popular approach for integrating and querying multiple data sources by means of a shared ontology. The ontology is linked to the sources using mappings, which assign views over the data to ontology predicates. Motivated by the need for OBDA systems supporting database-style aggregate queries, we propose a bag semantics for OBDA, where duplicate tuples in the views defined by the mappings are retained, as is the case in standard databases. We show that bag semantics makes conjunctive query answering in OBDA coNP-hard in data complexity. To regain tractabil…
NFDI4DSO: Towards a BFO Compliant Ontology for Data Science
FIZ Karlsruhe（弗里斯卡尔斯鲁厄）；Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure（莱布尼茨信息基础设施研究所）；Karlsruhe Institute of Technology（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院）；Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)（俄罗斯人民友谊大学（RUDN大学））；Joint Institute for Nuclear Research（联合核子研究所）；Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹自由大学）；University of Skövde（舍夫德大学）
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano（博尔扎诺自由大学）；University of Liverpool（利物浦大学）；Birkbeck, University of London（伦敦大学伯贝克学院）
Our aim is to investigate ontology-based data access over temporal data with validity time and ontologies capable of temporal conceptual modelling. To this end, we design a temporal description logic, TQL, that extends the standard ontology language OWL 2 QL, provides basic means for temporal conceptual modelling and ensures first-order rewritability of conjunctive queries for suitably defined data instances with validity time.
The research was proposed to exploit and extend the relational and contextual nature of the information assets of the Catasto Gregoriano, kept at the Archivio di Stato in Rome. Developed within the MODEUS project (Making Open Data Effectively Usable), this study originates from the following key ideas of MODEUS: to require Open Data to be expressed in terms of an ontology, and to include such an ontology as a documentation of the data themselves. Thus, Open Data are naturally linked by means of the ontology, which meets the requirements of the Linked Open Data vision.
This paper presents the OntoRich framework, a support tool for semi-automatic ontology enrichment and evaluation. The WordNet is used to extract candidates for dynamic ontology enrichment from RSS streams. With the integration of OpenNLP the system gains access to syntactic analysis of the RSS news. The enriched ontologies are evaluated against several qualitative metrics.
The ever-increasing amount of data in biomedical research, and in cancer research in particular, needs to be managed to support efficient data access, exchange and integration. Existing software infrastructures, such caGrid, support access to distributed information annotated with a domain ontology. However, caGrid's current querying functionality depends on the structure of individual data resources without exploiting the semantic annotations. In this paper, we present the design and development of an ontology-based querying functionality that consists of: the generation of OWL2 ontologies fr…
Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California（南加州大学信息科学研究所）
In recent years, Semantic Web technologies have been increasingly adopted by researchers, industry and public institutions to describe and link data on the Web, create web annotations and consume large knowledge graphs like Wikidata and DBPedia. However, there is still a knowledge gap between ontology engineers, who design, populate and create knowledge graphs; and web developers, who need to understand, access and query these knowledge graphs but are not familiar with ontologies, RDF or SPARQL. In this paper we describe the Ontology-Based APIs framework (OBA), our approach to automatically cr…
LIRMM, CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心LIRMM实验室）；Birkbeck, University of London（伦敦大学伯贝克学院）；Steklov Mathematical Institute, Moscow（莫斯科斯捷克洛夫数学研究所）
We give solutions to two fundamental computational problems in ontology-based data access with the W3C standard ontology language OWL 2 QL: the succinctness problem for first-order rewritings of ontology-mediated queries (OMQs), and the complexity problem for OMQ answering. We classify OMQs according to the shape of their conjunctive queries (treewidth, the number of leaves) and the existential depth of their ontologies. For each of these classes, we determine the combined complexity of OMQ answering, and whether all OMQs in the class have polynomial-size first-order, positive existential, and…
In ontology-based data access, databases are connected to an ontology via mappings from queries over the database to queries over the ontology. In this paper, we consider mappings from relational databases to first-order ontologies, and define an ASP-based framework for GLAV mappings with queries over the ontology in the mapping rule bodies. We show that this type of mappings can be used to express constraints and exceptions, as well as being a powerful mechanism for succinctly representing OBDA mappings. We give an algorithm for brave reasoning in this setting, and show that this problem has …
We present a machine-readable movement writing for sleight-of-hand moves with cards -- a "Labanotation of card magic." This scheme of movement writing contains 440 categories of motion, and appears to taxonomize all card sleights that have appeared in over 1500 publications. The movement writing is axiomatized in $\mathcal{SROIQ}$(D) Description Logic, and collected formally as an Ontology of Card Sleights, a computational ontology that extends the Basic Formal Ontology and the Information Artifact Ontology. The Ontology of Card Sleights is implemented in OWL DL, a Description Logic fragment o…
A semantic approach to mapping the Provenance Ontology to Basic Formal Ontology
National Center for Ontological Research（国家本体论研究中心）；Conceptual Systems（概念系统公司）；University at Buffalo（布法罗大学）；Summit Knowledge Solutions（顶峰知识解决方案公司）；University of Vienna（维也纳大学）；Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science（人工智能与数据科学研究所）
We present a formal Arabic wordnet built on the basis of a carefully designed ontology hereby referred to as the Arabic Ontology. The ontology provides a formal representation of the concepts that the Arabic terms convey, and its content was built with ontological analysis in mind, and benchmarked to scientific advances and rigorous knowledge sources as much as this is possible, rather than to only speakers' beliefs as lexicons typically are. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted thereby demonstrating that the current version of the top-levels of the ontology can top the majority of the Ara…
University of Calabria（卡拉布里亚大学）；AGH University of Science and Technology（AGH科技大学）
Homogeneous unstructured data (HUD) are collections of unstructured documents that share common properties, such as similar layout, common file format, or common domain of values. Building on such properties, it would be desirable to automatically process HUD to access the main information through a semantic layer -- typically an ontology -- called semantic view. Hence, we propose an ontology-based approach for extracting semantically rich information from HUD, by integrating and extending recent technologies and results from the fields of classical information extraction, table recognition, o…
Presently, a very large number of public and private data sets are available around the local governments. In most cases, they are not semantically interoperable and a huge human effort is needed to create integrated ontologies and knowledge base for smart city. Smart City ontology is not yet standardized, and a lot of research work is needed to identify models that can easily support the data reconciliation, the management of the complexity and reasoning. In this paper, a system for data ingestion and reconciliation smart cities related aspects as road graph, services available on the roads, …
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano（博尔扎诺自由大学）；Sapienza Università di Roma（罗马第一大学）；University of Genova（热那亚大学）
Ontology-based data access (OBDA) is a novel paradigm facilitating access to relational data, realized by linking data sources to an ontology by means of declarative mappings. DL-Lite_R, which is the logic underpinning the W3C ontology language OWL 2 QL and the current language of choice for OBDA, has been designed with the goal of delegating query answering to the underlying database engine, and thus is restricted in expressive power. E.g., it does not allow one to express disjunctive information, and any form of recursion on the data. The aim of this paper is to overcome these limitations of…
We are interested in bridging the world of natural language and the world of the semantic web in particular to support natural multilingual access to the web of data. In this paper we introduce a new type of lexical ontology called interlingual lexical ontology (ILexicOn), which uses semantic web formalisms to make each interlingual lexical unit class (ILUc) support the projection of its semantic decomposition on itself. After a short overview of existing lexical ontologies, we briefly introduce the semantic web formalisms we use. We then present the three layered architecture of our approach:…
University of California, Santa Barbara（加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；CSIRO（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织）；Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne（圣艾蒂安国立高等矿业学校）
The Sensor, Observation, Sample, and Actuator (SOSA) ontology provides a formal but lightweight general-purpose specification for modeling the interaction between the entities involved in the acts of observation, actuation, and sampling. SOSA is the result of rethinking the W3C-XG Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) ontology based on changes in scope and target audience, technical developments, and lessons learned over the past years. SOSA also acts as a replacement of SSN's Stimulus Sensor Observation (SSO) core. It has been developed by the first joint working group of the Open Geospatial Consorti…
University of Toronto, Faculty of Information（多伦多大学信息学院）
This paper reconstructs the Freebase data dumps to understand the underlying ontology behind Google's semantic search feature. The Freebase knowledge base was a major Semantic Web and linked data technology that was acquired by Google in 2010 to support the Google Knowledge Graph, the backend for Google search results that include structured answers to queries instead of a series of links to external resources. After its shutdown in 2016, Freebase is contained in a data dump of 1.9 billion Resource Description Format (RDF) triples. A recomposition of the Freebase ontology will be analyzed in r…
Presently, a very large number of public and private data sets are available from local governments. In most cases, they are not semantically interoperable and a huge human effort would be needed to create integrated ontologies and knowledge base for smart city. Smart City ontology is not yet standardized, and a lot of research work is needed to identify models that can easily support the data reconciliation, the management of the complexity, to allow the data reasoning. In this paper, a system for data ingestion and reconciliation of smart cities related aspects as road graph, services availa…
We propose an Ontology-Based Information Extraction (OBIE) system to automate the extraction of the criteria and values applied in Land Use Suitability Analysis (LUSA) from bylaw and regulation documents related to the geographic area of interest. The results obtained by our proposed LUSA OBIE system (land use suitability criteria and their values) are presented as an ontology populated with instances of the extracted criteria and property values. This latter output ontology is incorporated into a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model applied for constructing suitability maps for differe…
Mapping Biomedical Ontology Terms to IDs: Effect of Domain Prevalence on Prediction Accuracy
Computer Science Department（计算机科学系）；Missouri State University（密苏里州立大学）；Kummer Institute Center for AI and AS（Kummer研究所人工智能与自动系统中心）；Missouri University of Science & Technology（密苏里科技大学）；Cooperative Engineering Program（合作工程计划）
SSBD Ontology: A Two-Tier Approach for Interoperable Bioimaging Metadata
RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters（日本理化学研究所信息研发与战略本部）；RIKEN Bioresource Research Center（日本理化学研究所生物资源研究中心）；RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research（日本理化学研究所生物系统动力学研究中心）
University at Buffalo（布法罗大学）；Cognotekt GmbH（科格诺泰克有限公司）；CUBRC, Inc.（CUBRC公司）
Here we understand 'intelligence' as referring to items of knowledge collected for the sake of assessing and maintaining national security. The intelligence community (IC) of the United States (US) is a community of organizations that collaborate in collecting and processing intelligence for the US. The IC relies on human-machine-based analytic strategies that 1) access and integrate vast amounts of information from disparate sources, 2) continuously process this information, so that, 3) a maximally comprehensive understanding of world actors and their behaviors can be developed and updated. H…
National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Institute for Infocomm Research（信息通信研究院）
Computing becomes increasingly mobile and pervasive today; these changes imply that applications and services must be aware of and adapt to their changing contexts in highly dynamic environments. Today, building context-aware systems is a complex task due to lack of an appropriate infrastructure support in intelligent environments. A context-aware infrastructure requires an appropriate context model to represent, manipulate and access context information. In this paper, we propose a formal context model based on ontology using OWL to address issues including semantic context representation, co…
Oak Ridge National Laboratory（橡树岭国家实验室）；University of Tennessee Health Science Center（田纳西大学健康科学中心）
Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), a set of negative events and processes that a person might encounter during childhood and adolescence, have been proven to be linked to increased risks of a multitude of negative health outcomes and conditions when children reach adulthood and beyond. Objective: To better understand the relationship between ACEs and their relevant risk factors with associated health outcomes and to eventually design and implement preventive interventions, access to an integrated coherent dataset is needed. Therefore, we implemented a formal ontology as a resour…
Artifact-Centric systems have emerged in the last years as a suitable framework to model business-relevant entities, by combining their static and dynamic aspects. In particular, the Guard-Stage-Milestone (GSM) approach has been recently proposed to model artifacts and their lifecycle in a declarative way. In this paper, we enhance GSM with a Semantic Layer, constituted by a full-fledged OWL 2 QL ontology linked to the artifact information models through mapping specifications. The ontology provides a conceptual view of the domain under study, and allows one to understand the evolution of the …
São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo（圣保罗大学圣卡洛斯物理研究所）；Cidade Democrática, Instituto Seva（民主城市，塞瓦研究所）；National Secretariat of Social Participation, General Secretariat of the Republic（共和国总秘书处国家社会参与秘书处）；Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo（圣保罗大学数学与计算机科学研究所）
Participatory democracy advances in virtually all governments and especially in South America which exhibits a mixed culture and social predisposition. This article presents the "Social Participation Ontology" (OPS from the Brazilian name \emph{Ontologia de Participação Social}) implemented in compliance with the Web Ontology Language standard (OWL) for fostering social participation, specially in virtual platforms. The entities and links of OPS were defined based on an extensive collaboration of specialists. It is shown that OPS is instrumental for information retrieval from the contents of t…
HSE University（高等经济大学）；Institute for Information Transmission Problems（信息传输问题研究所）；King’s College London（伦敦国王学院）；Steklov Mathematical Institute（斯捷克洛夫数学研究所）；Birkbeck, University of London（伦敦大学伯贝克学院）
Our concern is the problem of efficiently determining the data complexity of answering queries mediated by description logic ontologies and constructing their optimal rewritings to standard database queries. Originated in ontology-based data access and datalog optimisation, this problem is known to be computationally very complex in general, with no explicit syntactic characterisations available. In this article, aiming to understand the fundamental roots of this difficulty, we strip the problem to the bare bones and focus on Boolean conjunctive queries mediated by a simple covering axiom stat…
IDEA2: Expert-in-the-loop competency question elicitation for collaborative ontology engineering
School of Computer Science and Informatics, University of Liverpool（利物浦大学计算机科学与信息学院）；College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University（塔伊巴大学计算机科学与工程学院）；Unilever Plc., Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool（联合利华公司，利物浦大学材料创新工厂）
AIdentifyAGE Ontology for Decision Support in Forensic Dental Age Assessment
InESC-ID Lisboa（里斯本INESC-ID）；Instituto Superior Técnico（技术学院）；Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade de Lisboa（里斯本大学牙医学院）；FCiências.ID - Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa (CEAUL)（里斯本大学FCiências.ID）；Instituto Politécnico de Leiria - Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão（莱里亚技术学院）；IST-ID；Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa（里斯本工程学院）
'Tel Research Unit, Higher School of Communications of Tunis, Sup'Com（6'Tel研究单位，突尼斯通信高等学院，Sup'Com）
The lack of interoperability between mobile cellular access networks has long been a challenging obstacle, which telecommunication engineering is trying to overcome. In second generation networks for example, this problem lies in the fact that there are multiple standards. Each of these standards can operate in the same frequency range. However, each utilizes a different Radio Technology and Modulation Scheme, which are characteristics of the standard. Therefore, the lack of interoperability in 2G occurs because of the lack of standardization. Interoperability within 3G networks is limited to …
There is currently a growing interest in techniques for hiding parts of the signature of an ontology Kh that is being reused by another ontology Kv. Towards this goal, in this paper we propose the import-by-query framework, which makes the content of Kh accessible through a limited query interface. If Kv reuses the symbols from Kh in a certain restricted way, one can reason over Kv U Kh by accessing only Kv and the query interface. We map out the landscape of the import-by-query problem. In particular, we outline the limitations of our framework and prove that certain restrictions on the expre…
This article presents the top-level of an ontology categorizing and generalizing best practices and quality criteria or measures for Linked Data. It permits to compare these techniques and have a synthetic organized view of what can or should be done for knowledge sharing purposes. This ontology is part of a general knowledge base that can be accessed and complemented by any Web user. Thus, it can be seen as a cooperatively built library for the above cited elements. Since they permit to evaluate information objects and create better ones, these elements also permit knowledge-based tools and t…
The workhorse of machine learning is stochastic gradient descent. To access stochastic gradients, it is common to consider iteratively input/output pairs of a training dataset. Interestingly, it appears that one does not need full supervision to access stochastic gradients, which is the main motivation of this paper. After formalizing the "active labeling" problem, which focuses on active learning with partial supervision, we provide a streaming technique that provably minimizes the ratio of generalization error over the number of samples. We illustrate our technique in depth for robust regres…
University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）；Kneron Inc.（耐能智慧股份有限公司）；National Chiao Tung University（台湾交通大学）
Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) are widely used in modern artificial intelligence (AI) and smart vision systems but also limited by computation latency, throughput, and energy efficiency on a resource-limited scenario, such as mobile devices, internet of things (IoT), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and so on. A hardware streaming architecture is proposed to accelerate convolution and pooling computations for state-of-the-art deep CNNs. It is optimized for energy efficiency by maximizing local data reuse to reduce off-chip DRAM data access. In addition, image and feature decomposition…
