Computing becomes increasingly mobile and pervasive today; these changes imply that applications and services must be aware of and adapt to their changing contexts in highly dynamic environments. Today, building context-aware systems is a complex task due to lack of an appropriate infrastructure support in intelligent environments. A context-aware infrastructure requires an appropriate context model to represent, manipulate and access context information. In this paper, we propose a formal context model based on ontology using OWL to address issues including semantic context representation, context reasoning and knowledge sharing, context classification, context dependency and quality of context. The main benefit of this model is the ability to reason about various contexts. Based on our context model, we also present a Service-Oriented Context-Aware Middleware (SOCAM) architecture for building of context-aware services.
Software testing is a prime factor in software industry. Besides knowing the importance of testing, only limited time is allocated for teaching it. It will be more efficient if testing is taught simultaneously with programming foundations. This integrated learning of testing techniques and programming allows the programmers to perform in a better way and this leads to the improvement of the performance of the industry progress. In this paper, a technique named ontology is introduced, it first defines the various testing process in hierarchy and define relationships among them, to share and reu…
In this work we propose an ontology to support automated negotiation in multiagent systems. The ontology can be connected with some domain-specific ontologies to facilitate the negotiation in different domains, such as Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), e-commerce, etc. The specific negotiation rules for each type of negotiation strategy can also be defined as part of the ontology, reducing the amount of knowledge hardcoded in the agents and ensuring the interoperability. The expressiveness of the ontology was proved in a multiagent architecture for the automatic traffic light setting a…
National University of Tainan（台南大学）；Tokyo Metropolitan University（东京都立大学）
An intelligent robot agent based on domain ontology, machine learning mechanism, and Fuzzy Markup Language (FML) for students and robot co-learning is presented in this paper. The machine-human co-learning model is established to help various students learn the mathematical concepts based on their learning ability and performance. Meanwhile, the robot acts as a teacher's assistant to co-learn with children in the class. The FML-based knowledge base and rule base are embedded in the robot so that the teachers can get feedback from the robot on whether students make progress or not. Next, we inf…
Inha University（仁荷大学）；Rutgers University（罗格斯大学）；Incheon National University（仁川国立大学）
Traffic congestion is rapidly increasing in urban areas, particularly in mega cities. To date, there exist a few sensor network based systems to address this problem. However, these techniques are not suitable enough in terms of monitoring an entire transportation system and delivering emergency services when needed. These techniques require real-time data and intelligent ways to quickly determine traffic activity from useful information. In addition, these existing systems and websites on city transportation and travel rely on rating scores for different factors (e.g., safety, low crime rate,…
Narasu’s Sarathy Institute of Technology（纳拉苏萨拉蒂理工学院）
The information retrieval systems that are present nowadays are mainly based on full text matching of keywords or topic based classification. This matching of keywords often returns a large number of irrelevant information and this does not meet the users query requirement. In order to solve this problem and to enhance the search using semantic environment, a technique named ontology is implemented for the field of poultry in this paper. Ontology is an emerging technique in the current field of research in semantic environment. This paper constructs ontology using the tool named Protege versio…
The ability to conduct logical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of intelligent human behavior, and thus an important problem along the way to human-level artificial intelligence. Traditionally, logic-based symbolic methods from the field of knowledge representation and reasoning have been used to equip agents with capabilities that resemble human logical reasoning qualities. More recently, however, there has been an increasing interest in using machine learning rather than logic-based symbolic formalisms to tackle these tasks. In this paper, we employ state-of-the-art methods for training dee…
Affective multimedia documents such as images, sounds or videos elicit emotional responses in exposed human subjects. These stimuli are stored in affective multimedia databases and successfully used for a wide variety of research in psychology and neuroscience in areas related to attention and emotion processing. Although important all affective multimedia databases have numerous deficiencies which impair their applicability. These problems, which are brought forward in the paper, result in low recall and precision of multimedia stimuli retrieval which makes creating emotion elicitation proced…
This paper is concern about developing a semantic agreement maintenance method based on semantic distance by calculating the change of local schema or ontology. This approach is important in dynamic and autonomous environment, in which the current approach assumed that agreement or mapping in static environment. The contribution of this research is to develop a framework based on semantic agreement maintenance approach for P2P environment. This framework based on two level hybrid P2P model architecture, which consist of two peer type: (1) super peer that use to register and manage the other pe…
Newcastle University（纽卡斯尔大学）；University of Manchester（曼彻斯特大学）
There are many methodologies and techniques for easing the task of ontology building. Here we describe the intersection of two of these: ontology normalisation and fully programmatic ontology development. The first of these describes a standardized organisation for an ontology, with singly inherited self-standing entities, and a number of small taxonomies of refining entities. The former are described and defined in terms of the latter and used to manage the polyhierarchy of the self-standing entities. Fully programmatic development is a technique where an ontology is developed using a domain-…
Telefónica R&D（西班牙电信研发部门）；Universidad Politécnica de Madrid（马德里理工大学）
The present paper presents the Weighted Ontology Approximation Heuristic (WOAH), a novel zero-shot approach to ontology estimation for conversational agents development environments. This methodology extracts verbs and nouns separately from data by distilling the dependencies obtained and applying similarity and sparsity metrics to generate an ontology estimation configurable in terms of the level of generalization.
Ontology development relates to software development in that they both involve the production of formal computational knowledge. It is possible, therefore, that some of the techniques used in software engineering could also be used for ontologies; for example, in software engineering testing is a well-established process, and part of many different methodologies. The application of testing to ontologies, therefore, seems attractive. The Karyotype Ontology is developed using the novel Tawny-OWL library. This provides a fully programmatic environment for ontology development, which includes a co…
University of Valenciennes and Hainaut-Cambrésis（瓦伦谢纳与埃诺-康布雷西大学）；University of Sfax（斯法克斯大学）；University of Louisiana at Lafayette（路易斯安那大学拉斐特分校）
There is a relatively small amount of research covering urban freight movements. Most research dealing with the subject of urban mobility focuses on passenger vehicles, not commercial vehicles hauling freight. However, in many ways, urban freight transport contributes to congestion, air pollution, noise, accident and more fuel consumption which raises logistic costs, and hence the price of products. The main focus of this paper is to propose a new solution for congestion in order to improve the distribution process of goods in urban areas and optimize transportation cost, time of delivery, fue…
Tel-Aviv University（特拉维夫大学）；Ben Gurion University of the Negev（本·古里安大学内盖夫分校）
An ontology is a formal representation of domain knowledge, which can be interpreted by machines. In recent years, ontologies have become a major tool for domain knowledge representation and a core component of many knowledge management systems, decision support systems and other intelligent systems, inter alia, in the context of agriculture. A review of the existing literature on agricultural ontologies, however, reveals that most of the studies, which propose agricultural ontologies, are lacking an explicit evaluation procedure. This is undesired because without well-structured evaluation pr…
The study proposes a framework of ONTOlogy-based Group Decision Support System (ONTOGDSS) for decision process which exhibits the complex structure of decision-problem and decision-group. It is capable of reducing the complexity of problem structure and group relations. The system allows decision makers to participate in group decision-making through the web environment, via the ontology relation. It facilitates the management of decision process as a whole, from criteria generation, alternative evaluation, and opinion interaction to decision aggregation. The embedded ontology structure in ONT…
Tokyo Metropolitan University（东京都立大学）；National University of Tainan（台南大学）
In this paper, we propose an AI-FML robotic agent for student learning behavior ontology construction which can be applied in English speaking and listening domain. The AI-FML robotic agent with the ontology contains the perception intelligence, computational intelligence, and cognition intelligence for analyzing student learning behavior. In addition, there are three intelligent agents, including a perception agent, a computational agent, and a cognition agent in the AI-FML robotic agent. We deploy the perception agent and the cognition agent on the robot Kebbi Air. Moreover, the computationa…
Objects or structures that are regular take uniform dimensions. Based on the concepts of regular models, our previous research work has developed a system of a regular ontology that models learning structures in a multiagent system for uniform pre-assessments in a learning environment. This regular ontology has led to the modelling of a classified rules learning algorithm that predicts the actual number of rules needed for inductive learning processes and decision making in a multiagent system. But not all processes or models are regular. Thus this paper presents a system of polynomial equatio…
Center for Orbital Debris Education and Research (CODER), University of Maryland（马里兰大学轨道碎片教育与研究中心（CODER））；National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Datanauts（美国国家航空航天局（NASA）Datanauts）
This paper demonstrates the development of ontology for satellite databases. First, I create a computational ontology for the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) Satellite Database (UCSSD for short), called the UCS Satellite Ontology (or UCSSO). Second, in developing UCSSO I show that The Space Situational Awareness Ontology (SSAO) (Rovetto and Kelso 2016)--an existing space domain reference ontology--and related ontology work by the author (Rovetto 2015, 2016) can be used either (i) with a database-specific local ontology such as UCSSO, or (ii) in its stead. In case (i), local ontologies such…
University of Manchester（曼彻斯特大学）；Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale（法国国家健康与医学研究院）
We present Populous, a tool for gathering content with which to populate an ontology. Domain experts need to add content, that is often repetitive in its form, but without having to tackle the underlying ontological representation. Populous presents users with a table based form in which columns are constrained to take values from particular ontologies; the user can select a concept from an ontology via its meaningful label to give a value for a given entity attribute. Populated tables are mapped to patterns that can then be used to automatically generate the ontology's content. Populous's con…
Jožef Stefan Institute（约泽夫·斯蒂芬研究所）；Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School（约泽夫·斯蒂芬国际研究生院）；Sorbonne Université（索邦大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Leiden Institute for Advanced Computer Science（莱顿高级计算机科学研究所）
Many optimization algorithm benchmarking platforms allow users to share their experimental data to promote reproducible and reusable research. However, different platforms use different data models and formats, which drastically complicates the identification of relevant datasets, their interpretation, and their interoperability. Therefore, a semantically rich, ontology-based, machine-readable data model that can be used by different platforms is highly desirable. In this paper, we report on the development of such an ontology, which we call OPTION (OPTImization algorithm benchmarking ONtology…
Traffic regulation must be respected by all vehicles, either human- or computer- driven. However, extreme traffic situations might exhibit practical cases in which a vehicle should safely and reasonably relax traffic regulation, e.g., in order not to be indefinitely blocked and to keep circulating. In this paper, we propose a high-level representation of an automated vehicle, other vehicles and their environment, which can assist drivers in taking such "illegal" but practical relaxation decisions. This high-level representation (an ontology) includes topological knowledge and inference rules, …
ECE Paris School of Engineering（巴黎ECE工程师学院）；LISV Laboratory（LISV实验室）；Université de Versailles – Paris Saclay（凡尔赛大学-巴黎萨克雷大学）
Road accidents have become the eight leading cause of death all over the world. Lots of these accidents are due to a driver's inattention or lack of focus, due to fatigue. Various factors cause driver's fatigue. This paper considers all the measureable data that manifest driver's fatigue, namely those manifested in the vehicle measureable data while driving as well as the driver's physical and physiological data. Each of the three main factors are further subdivided into smaller details. For example, the vehicle's data is composed of the values obtained from the steering wheel's angle, yaw ang…
The increasing importance of resource-efficient production entails that manufacturing companies have to create a more dynamic production environment, with flexible manufacturing machines and processes. To fully utilize this potential of dynamic manufacturing through automatic production planning, formal skill descriptions of the machines are essential. However, generating those skill descriptions in a manual fashion is labor-intensive and requires extensive domain-knowledge. In this contribution an ontology-based semi-automatic skill description system that utilizes production logs and industr…
The Tawny-OWL library provides a fully-programmatic environment for ontology building; it enables the use of a rich set of tools for ontology development, by recasting development as a form of programming. It is built in Clojure - a modern Lisp dialect, and is backed by the OWL API. Used simply, it has a similar syntax to OWL Manchester syntax, but it provides arbitrary extensibility and abstraction. It builds on existing facilities for Clojure, which provides a rich and modern programming tool chain, for versioning, distributed development, build, testing and continuous integration. In this p…
This paper presents a knowledge-based detection of objects approach using the OWL ontology language, the Semantic Web Rule Language, and 3D processing built-ins aiming at combining geometrical analysis of 3D point clouds and specialist's knowledge. Here, we share our experience regarding the creation of 3D semantic facility model out of unorganized 3D point clouds. Thus, a knowledge-based detection approach of objects using the OWL ontology language is presented. This knowledge is used to define SWRL detection rules. In addition, the combination of 3D processing built-ins and topological Built…
University of Maryland（马里兰大学）；APUS/AMU（美国公立大学系统/美国军事大学）；Center for Space Standards and Innovation, Analytical Graphics Inc.（分析图形公司空间标准与创新中心）
Space situational awareness (SSA) is vital for international safety and security, and the future of space travel. By improving SSA data-sharing we improve global SSA. Computational ontology may provide one means toward that goal. This paper develops the ontology of the SSA domain and takes steps in the creation of the space situational awareness ontology. Ontology objectives, requirements and desiderata are outlined; and both the SSA domain and the discipline of ontology are described. The purposes of the ontology include: exploring the potential for ontology development and engineering to (i)…
Kansas State University（堪萨斯州立大学）；Atmosphere and Space Technology Research Associates (ASTRA LLC)（大气与空间技术研究协会（ASTRA有限责任公司））；University of California, Los Angeles（加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校）
The interactions between the Sun, interplanetary space, near Earth space environment, the Earth's surface, and the power grid are, perhaps unsurprisingly, very complicated. The study of such requires the collaboration between many different organizations spanning the public and private sectors. Thus, an important component of studying space weather is the integration and analysis of heterogeneous information. As such, we have developed a modular ontology to drive the core of the data integration and serve the needs of a highly interdisciplinary community. This paper presents our preliminary mo…
User ignorance towards the use of communication services like Instant Messengers, emails, websites, social networks etc. is becoming the biggest advantage for phishers. It is required to create technical awareness in users by educating them to create a phishing detection application which would generate phishing alerts for the user so that phishing messages are not ignored. The lack of basic security features to detect and prevent phishing has had a profound effect on the IM clients, as they lose their faith in e-banking and e-commerce transactions, which will have a disastrous impact on the c…
Classifying research papers according to their research topics is an important task to improve their retrievability, assist the creation of smart analytics, and support a variety of approaches for analysing and making sense of the research environment. In this paper, we present the CSO Classifier, a new unsupervised approach for automatically classifying research papers according to the Computer Science Ontology (CSO), a comprehensive ontology of re-search areas in the field of Computer Science. The CSO Classifier takes as input the metadata associated with a research paper (title, abstract, k…
The process of building ontologies is a difficult task that involves collaboration between ontology developers and domain experts and requires an ongoing interaction between them. This collaboration is made more difficult, because they tend to use different tool sets, which can hamper this interaction. In this paper, we propose to decrease this distance between domain experts and ontology developers by creating more readable forms of ontologies, and further to enable editing in normal office environments. Building on a programmatic ontology development environment, such as Tawny-OWL, we are no…
Change management for evolving collaborative business process development is crucial when the business logic, transections and workflow change due to changes in business strategies or organizational and technical environment. During the change implementation, business processes are analyzed and improved ensuring that they capture the proposed change and they do not contain any undesired functionalities or change side-effects. This paper presents Business Process Change Management approach for the efficient and effective implementation of change in the business process. The key technology behin…
Research Center on Spatial Cognition, University of Bremen（不来梅大学空间认知研究中心）；University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学）；DFKI GmbH Bremen（德国人工智能研究中心不来梅分中心）；Infoterm（国际术语信息中心）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）
The Distributed Ontology Language (DOL) is currently being standardized within the OntoIOp (Ontology Integration and Interoperability) activity of ISO/TC 37/SC 3. It aims at providing a unified framework for (1) ontologies formalized in heterogeneous logics, (2) modular ontologies, (3) links between ontologies, and (4) annotation of ontologies. This paper presents the current state of DOL's standardization. It focuses on use cases where distributed ontologies enable interoperability and reusability. We demonstrate relevant features of the DOL syntax and semantics and explain how these integrat…
An Integrated Framework of Prompt Engineering and Multidimensional Knowledge Graphs for Legal Dispute Analysis
School of Software, Yunnan University（软件学院，云南大学）；Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Software Engineering（云南省软件工程重点实验室）；School of Law, Yunnan University（法学院，云南大学）
Indian Institute of Technology Madras（印度理工学院马德拉斯分校）；Umm Alqura University（乌姆古拉大学）
Multiple choice questions (MCQs) that can be generated from a domain ontology can significantly reduce human effort & time required for authoring & administering assessments in an e-Learning environment. Even though here are various methods for generating MCQs from ontologies, methods for determining the difficulty-levels of such MCQs are less explored. In this paper, we study various aspects and factors that are involved in determining the difficulty-score of an MCQ, and propose an ontology-based model for the prediction. This model characterizes the difficulty values associated with the stem…
In this paper an ontological representation and reasoning paradigm has been proposed for interpretation of time-series signals. The signals come from sensors observing a smart environment. The signal chosen for the annotation process is a set of unintuitive and complex gas sensor data. The ontology of this paradigm is inspired form the SSN ontology (Semantic Sensor Network) and used for representation of both the sensor data and the contextual information. The interpretation process is mainly done by an incremental ASP solver which as input receives a logic program that is generated from the c…
The Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence（奇点人工智能研究所）
Decision-theoretic agents predict and evaluate the results of their actions using a model, or ontology, of their environment. An agent's goal, or utility function, may also be specified in terms of the states of, or entities within, its ontology. If the agent may upgrade or replace its ontology, it faces a crisis: the agent's original goal may not be well-defined with respect to its new ontology. This crisis must be resolved before the agent can make plans towards achieving its goals. We discuss in this paper which sorts of agents will undergo ontological crises and why we may want to create s…
Institute AIFB, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院AIFB研究所）
We present an ontology for representing workflows over components with Read-Write Linked Data interfaces and give an operational semantics to the ontology via a rule language. Workflow languages have been successfully applied for modelling behaviour in enterprise information systems, in which the data is often managed in a relational database. Linked Data interfaces have been widely deployed on the web to support data integration in very diverse domains, increasingly also in scenarios involving the Internet of Things, in which application behaviour is often specified using imperative programmi…
Research in multi-agent teaming has increased substantially over recent years, with knowledge-based systems to support teaming processes typically focused on delivering functional (communicative) solutions for a team to act meaningfully in response to direction. Enabling humans to effectively interact and team with a swarm of autonomous cognitive agents is an open research challenge in Human-Swarm Teaming research, partially due to the focus on developing the enabling architectures to support these systems. Typically, bi-directional transparency and shared semantic understanding between agents…
We propose a framework grounded in Logic Programming for representing and reasoning about business processes from both the procedural and ontological point of views. In particular, our goal is threefold: (1) define a logical language and a formal semantics for process models enriched with ontology-based annotations; (2) provide an effective inference mechanism that supports the combination of reasoning services dealing with the structural definition of a process model, its behavior, and the domain knowledge related to the participating business entities; (3) implement such a theoretical framew…
Ontology alignment process is overwhelmingly cited in Knowledge Engineering as a key mechanism aimed at bypassing heterogeneity and reconciling various data sources, represented by ontologies, i.e., the the Semantic Web cornerstone. In such infrastructures and environments, it is inconceivable to assume that all ontologies covering a particular domain of knowledge are aligned in pairs. Moreover, the high performance of alignment approaches is closely related to two factors, i.e., time consumption and machine resource limitations. Thus, good quality alignments are valuable and it would be appro…
Supporting Risk Management for Medical Devices via the Riskman Ontology and Shapes (Preprint)
Faculty of Computer Science, TU Dresden, Germany（德累斯顿理工大学计算机科学学院）；Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany（德累斯顿大学第一医学部）；ScaDS.AI Center for Scalable Data Analytics（可扩展数据与人工智能分析中心）；Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Dresden, Germany（人机协同触觉互联网中心）
The ever-increasing amount of data in biomedical research, and in cancer research in particular, needs to be managed to support efficient data access, exchange and integration. Existing software infrastructures, such caGrid, support access to distributed information annotated with a domain ontology. However, caGrid's current querying functionality depends on the structure of individual data resources without exploiting the semantic annotations. In this paper, we present the design and development of an ontology-based querying functionality that consists of: the generation of OWL2 ontologies fr…
National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra（国立库鲁克谢特拉理工学院）；Eastern International University（东方国际大学）
In recent years, the world has witnessed various primitives pertaining to the complexity of human behavior. Identifying an event in the presence of insufficient, incomplete, or tentative premises along with the constraints on resources such as time, data and memory is a vital aspect of an intelligent system. Data explosion presents one of the most challenging research issues for intelligent systems; to optimally represent and store this heterogeneous and voluminous data semantically to provide human behavior. There is a requirement of intelligent but personalized human behavior subject to cons…
