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arXiv 1606.04717nucl-th
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核动力学的含时密度泛函描述

Time-dependent density-functional description of nuclear dynamics

Takashi Nakatsukasa, Kenichi Matsuyanagi, Masayuki Matsuo, Kazuhiro Yabana

摘要:

介绍了描述低能核动力学的含时密度泛函理论的基本概念和最新进展。对称性破缺是核能密度泛函(EDF)固有的,它提供了一个实用的描述在基态的重要关联。激发基元模的性质强烈地受到对称性破缺的影响,并且可以用TDDFT来研究。特别是,一些最近的发展中的线性响应计算已经证明了它们的有用性在描述集体模式的激发核。近年来,随着核碰撞现象定量描述的新发展,不受限制的实时计算也变得可用。然而,实时方法也有局限性;例如,它不能描述多体量子隧穿。因此,我们处理的量子涨落与缓慢的集体运动假设密度的时间演化是由几个集体坐标和动量。在TDDFT相空间中引入集体子流形的概念,用于描述集体动力学。选定的应用程序,以证明新方法的实用性和质量。最后,核和电子TDDFT的概念之间的差异进行了讨论,与最近的一些应用研究的电子动力学的线性响应和强激光场下。

英文摘要:

We present the basic concepts and recent developments in the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) for describing nuclear dynamics at low energy. The symmetry breaking is inherent in nuclear energy density functionals (EDFs), which provides a practical description of important correlations at the ground state. Properties of elementary modes of excitation are strongly influenced by the symmetry breaking and can be studied with TDDFT. In particular, a number of recent developments in the linear response calculation have demonstrated their usefulness in description of collective modes of excitation in nuclei. Unrestricted real-time calculations have also become available in recent years, with new developments for quantitative description of nuclear collision phenomena. There are, however, limitations in the real-time approach; for instance, it cannot describe the many-body quantum tunneling. Thus, we treat the quantum fluctuations associated with slow collective motions assuming that time evolution of densities are determined by a few collective coordinates and momenta. The concept of collective submanifold is introduced in the phase space associated with the TDDFT and used to quantize the collective dynamics. Selected applications are presented to demonstrate the usefulness and quality of the new approaches. Finally, conceptual differences between nuclear and electronic TDDFT are discussed, with some recent applications to studies of electron dynamics in the linear response and under a strong laser field.

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