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arXiv 1606.02685quant-ph
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量子信号处理中的最优哈密顿模拟

Optimal Hamiltonian Simulation by Quantum Signal Processing

Guang Hao Low, Isaac L. Chuang

摘要:

量子力学的物理学是量子计算的灵感来源和基础。因此,人们期望物理直觉在许多量子算法的理解和设计中具有高度影响力,特别是物理系统的模拟。令人惊讶的是,这一直是具有挑战性的,目前的哈密顿模拟算法仍然是抽象的,往往是复杂但不直观的结构的结果。我们认为,物理直觉可以导致最佳的模拟方法,通过显示,对简单的单量子比特旋转的关注优雅地解释了哈密顿模拟的最佳算法,这是一个包含量子计算所有能力的普遍问题。具体来说,我们表明,查询复杂度的时间演化的$d$ -稀疏哈密顿$\hat{H}$的时间间隔$t$错误$ε$是$\mathcal{O}(td\|\hat{H}\|_{\text{max}}+\frac{\log{(1/ε)}}{\log{\log{(1/ε)}}})$,它匹配所有参数的下限。这种连接是通过一般的三步“量子信号处理”方法实现的,包括(1)将$\hat{H}$的本征值转换为单个辅助量子比特,(2)通过单量子比特旋转的最佳长度序列转换这些本征值,以及(3)以接近1的成功概率投影该辅助。

英文摘要:

The physics of quantum mechanics is the inspiration for, and underlies, quantum computation. As such, one expects physical intuition to be highly influential in the understanding and design of many quantum algorithms, particularly simulation of physical systems. Surprisingly, this has been challenging, with current Hamiltonian simulation algorithms remaining abstract and often the result of sophisticated but unintuitive constructions. We contend that physical intuition can lead to optimal simulation methods by showing that a focus on simple single-qubit rotations elegantly furnishes an optimal algorithm for Hamiltonian simulation, a universal problem that encapsulates all the power of quantum computation. Specifically, we show that the query complexity of implementing time evolution by a $d$-sparse Hamiltonian $\hat{H}$ for time-interval $t$ with error $ε$ is $\mathcal{O}(td\|\hat{H}\|_{\text{max}}+\frac{\log{(1/ε)}}{\log{\log{(1/ε)}}})$, which matches lower bounds in all parameters. This connection is made through general three-step "quantum signal processing" methodology, comprised of (1) transducing eigenvalues of $\hat{H}$ into a single ancilla qubit, (2) transforming these eigenvalues through an optimal-length sequence of single-qubit rotations, and (3) projecting this ancilla with near unity success probability.

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