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arXiv 1604.02804quant-phcs.CR
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QMA的零知识证明系统

Zero-knowledge proof systems for QMA

Anne Broadbent, Zhengfeng Ji, Fang Song, John Watrous

摘要:

先前的工作已经确定,NP中的所有问题都承认经典的零知识证明系统,并且在量子计算的合理硬度假设下,这些证明系统可以安全地抵御量子攻击。我们证明了一个结果,代表了这一事实的进一步量子推广,这是复杂性类QMA中的每个问题都有一个量子零知识证明系统。更具体地说,假设存在一个无条件绑定和量子计算隐藏的承诺计划,我们证明了复杂性类QMA中的每个问题都有一个量子交互证明系统,该系统对于有效的量子计算是零知识的。我们的QMA证明系统是健全的任意量子证明者,但只需要一个诚实的证明者执行多项式时间量子计算,只要它持有一个给定的QMA问题的实例正在考虑的量子证人。证明系统依赖于一个新的变体的QMA-完全本地哈密顿问题,其中的本地条款描述的克利福德操作和标准的基础测量。我们相信这个问题的QMA完备性在量子复杂性中可能有其他用途。

英文摘要:

Prior work has established that all problems in NP admit classical zero-knowledge proof systems, and under reasonable hardness assumptions for quantum computations, these proof systems can be made secure against quantum attacks. We prove a result representing a further quantum generalization of this fact, which is that every problem in the complexity class QMA has a quantum zero-knowledge proof system. More specifically, assuming the existence of an unconditionally binding and quantum computationally concealing commitment scheme, we prove that every problem in the complexity class QMA has a quantum interactive proof system that is zero-knowledge with respect to efficient quantum computations. Our QMA proof system is sound against arbitrary quantum provers, but only requires an honest prover to perform polynomial-time quantum computations, provided that it holds a quantum witness for a given instance of the QMA problem under consideration. The proof system relies on a new variant of the QMA-complete local Hamiltonian problem in which the local terms are described by Clifford operations and standard basis measurements. We believe that the QMA-completeness of this problem may have other uses in quantum complexity.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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