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arXiv 1603.04062physics.chem-phcond-mat.mtrl-sci
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单电子和双电子系统交换和关联密度泛函的近局域性

Near-locality of exchange and correlation density functionals for 1- and 2-electron systems

Jianwei Sun, John P. Perdew, Zenghui Yang, Haowei Peng

摘要:

均匀电子气和氢原子在凝聚态物理和量子化学中起着重要的作用。前者有无限多的电子均匀分布在中性带正电的背景上,而后者只有一个电子与质子结合。均匀电子气被用来导出交换相关泛函的局域自旋密度近似(LSDA),该交换相关泛函是Kohn-Sham密度泛函理论发展的基础。我们在这里表明,基态交换相关能的氢原子和许多其他1-和2-电子系统的建模令人惊讶的是,以及不同的本地自旋密度近似(LSDA 0)。我们的LSDA 0构造满足精确的约束,但令人惊讶的是,在有限的,弯曲的三维空间中的均匀的两个电子密度的精确结果一致。我们也适用于LSDA 0激发或结1-电子密度。此外,我们还证明了轨道的定域性可以用精确交换能与其最佳下界的比值来度量。

英文摘要:

The uniform electron gas and the hydrogen atom play fundamental roles in condensed matter physics and quantum chemistry. The former has an infinite number of electrons uniformly distributed over the neutralizing positively-charged background, and the latter only one electron bound to the proton. The uniform electron gas was used to derive the local spin density approximation (LSDA) to the exchange-correlation functional that undergirds the development of the Kohn-Sham density functional theory. We show here that the ground-state exchange-correlation energies of the hydrogen atom and many other 1- and 2-electron systems are modeled surprisingly well by a different local spin density approximation (LSDA0). Our LSDA0 is constructed to satisfy exact constraints, but agrees surprisingly well with the exact results for a uniform two-electron density in a finite, curved three-dimensional space. We also apply LSDA0 to excited or noded 1-electron densities. Furthermore, we show that the locality of an orbital can be measured by the ratio between the exact exchange energy and its optimal lower bound.

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