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arXiv 1602.07322astro-ph.CO
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用未分辨软X射线背景约束红移21厘米信号

Constraining the redshifted 21-cm signal with the unresolved soft X-ray background

Anastasia Fialkov, Aviad Cohen, Rennan Barkana, Joseph Silk

摘要:

我们利用观测到的0.5 - 2 keV波段的未分辨宇宙X射线背景(CXRB)和现有的21厘米功率谱上限来限制X射线源的高红移数,重点研究它们对宇宙热历史和宇宙21厘米信号的影响。由于这些源的属性约束很差,我们考虑热气体,X射线双星和迷你类星体(即,具有软或硬X射线光谱的源)作为可能的候选者。我们发现:(1)软带CXRB对再电离结束前存在的源的X射线效率设置了上限,比通常假设的效率高一到两个数量级;(2)硬源比软源更有效地产生CXRB,(3)在硬源的情况下,在X射线效率的任何允许值下,通常假定的饱和加热极限在再电离的前半段是不成立的,(4)最大允许X射线效率设置了全局21 cm信号中吸收槽深度的下限和发射峰高度的上限,而在21 cm功率谱中,它设置了高红移峰的最小幅度和频率,以及(5)21-cm功率谱的现有上限为每个模型的X射线效率设置了下限。当与21厘米全球信号相结合时,CXRB将有助于打破简并帮助限制高红移热源的性质。

英文摘要:

We use the observed unresolved cosmic X-ray background (CXRB) in the 0.5-2 keV band and existing upper limits on the 21-cm power spectrum to constrain the high-redshift population of X-ray sources, focusing on their effect on the thermal history of the Universe and the cosmic 21-cm signal. Because the properties of these sources are poorly constrained, we consider hot gas, X-ray binaries and mini-quasars (i.e., sources with soft or hard X-ray spectra) as possible candidates. We find that (1) the soft-band CXRB sets an upper limit on the X-ray efficiency of sources that existed before the end of reionization, which is one-to-two orders of magnitude higher than typically assumed efficiencies, (2) hard sources are more effective in generating the CXRB than the soft ones, (3) the commonly-assumed limit of saturated heating is not valid during the first half of reionization in the case of hard sources, with any allowed value of X-ray efficiency, (4) the maximal allowed X-ray efficiency sets a lower limit on the depth of the absorption trough in the global 21-cm signal and an upper limit on the height of the emission peak, while in the 21-cm power spectrum it sets a minimum amplitude and frequency for the high-redshift peaks, and (5) the existing upper limit on the 21-cm power spectrum sets a lower limit on the X-ray efficiency for each model. When combined with the 21-cm global signal, the CXRB will be useful for breaking degeneracies and helping constrain the nature of high-redshift heating sources.

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