Understanding properties of the first sources in the Universe using the redshifted \HI ~21-cm signal is one of the major aims of present and upcoming low-frequency experiments. We investigate the possibility of imaging the redshifted 21-cm pattern around the first sources during the cosmic dawn using the SKA1-low. We model the \HI ~21-cm image maps, appropriate for the SKA1-low, around the first sources consisting of stars and X-ray sources within galaxies. In addition to the system noise, we account also for the astrophysical foregrounds by adding them to the signal maps. We find that after subtracting the foregrounds using a polynomial fit and suppressing the noise by smoothing the maps over $10^{'} - 30^{'}$ angular scale, the isolated sources at $z \sim 15$ are detectable with $\sim 4 - 9 \, σ$ confidence level in 2000 h of observation with the SKA1-low. Although the 21-cm profiles around the sources get altered because of the Gaussian smoothing, the images can still be used to extract some of the source properties. We account for overlaps in the patterns of the individual sources by generating realistic \HI ~21-cm maps of the cosmic dawn that are based on $N$-body simulations and a one-dimensional radiative transfer code. We find that these sources should be detectable in the SKA1-low images at $z = 15$ with an SNR of $\sim 14 (4)$ in 2000 (200) h of observations. One possible observational strategy thus could be to observe multiple fields for shorter observation times, identify fields with SNR $\gtrsim 3$ and observe these fields for much longer duration. Such observations are expected to be useful in constraining the parameters related to the first sources.
Global signal in the redshifted hydrogen 21-cm line from the Dark Ages and Cosmic Dawn: Dependence on the nature of dark matter and modeling of first light
Machine Learning and the SKA for Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization
Indian Institute of Technology Indore(印度理工学院印多尔分校);Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);University of Nevada Las Vegas(内华达大学拉斯维加斯分校);The Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)(洛桑联邦理工学院);ETH Zurich(苏黎世联邦理工学院);University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);Tsinghua University(清华大学);Yunnan University(云南大学);Nagoya University(名古屋大学);Zhejiang Laboratory(浙江实验室);McGill University(麦吉尔大学)
SKA-Low simulations for a cosmic dawn/epoch of reionisation deep field
SKA Observatory(SKA天文台);Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester(曼彻斯特大学物理与天文学学院乔德雷尔银行天体物理学中心);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚大学物理与天文学系);LUX, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Université(巴黎天文台卢克斯实验室,PSL研究大学,法国国家科学研究中心,索邦大学);Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学卡普坦天文研究所);INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri(意大利国家天体物理研究所阿切特里天文台);Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris(巴黎高等师范学校物理实验室,PSL大学,法国国家科学研究中心,索邦大学,巴黎大学);International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University(科廷大学国际射电天文研究中心);ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics in 3D(ARC三维全天体物理学卓越中心)
Exploring the Cosmic Dawn through the 21 cm Forest and High-redshift Radio Sources with the SKA
Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics(马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所);Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University(岐阜女子大学);Kobayashi Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University(名古屋大学小林益川研究所);Northeastern University(东北大学);Liaoning Normal University(辽宁师范大学);University of Nevada, Las Vegas(内华达大学拉斯维加斯分校);Yunnan University(云南大学);Nagoya University(名古屋大学);Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe(宇宙基础物理研究所);The Institute of Statistical Mathematics(统计数学研究所);National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家天文台);University of Tsukuba(筑波大学)
Imaging the 21-cm Signal from the Cosmic Dawn & Epoch of Reionization and the Connection with the Global Signal
Technical University of Munich(慕尼黑工业大学);École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)(洛桑联邦理工学院);ETH Zurich(苏黎世联邦理工学院);Indian Institute of Technology Madras(马德拉斯理工学院);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);Indian Institute of Technology Indore(印多尔理工学院);Jadavpur University(贾达普大学);The Open University of Israel(以色列开放大学);University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学);Université PSL(巴黎文理研究大学);Sorbonne Université(索邦大学);Université Paris Cité(巴黎西岱大学);Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院上海天文台)
Astrophysical Constraints from the SARAS3 non-detection of the Cosmic Dawn Sky-Averaged 21-cm Signal
对氢原子红移21厘米谱线的观测,已经在21厘米谱线上发现了几个上限,并在$z\sim17$上初步探测到了天空平均信号。这一说法最近受到SARAS 3实验的质疑,该实验报告了一个未探测到的结果,并且是唯一一个足以约束宇宙黎明天体物理学的上限。我们使用这些数据来约束人口的射电发光星系$\sim 200$百万年后的大爆炸($z\approx 20$)。我们发现,使用贝叶斯数据分析,该数据不利于(在68%的置信度)无线电发光星系的质量$4.4\times10^{5}$ M $_\odot \lesssim M \lesssim 1.1\times10^{7}$ M $_\odot$(其中$M_\odot$是太阳的质量)在$z = 20$和星系中的$>5$ %的气体被转换成恒星的暗物质晕。这些数据不利于星系的射电光度每恒星形成率为$L_\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{SFR} \gtrsim 1.549 \times 10^{25}$ W Hz $^{-1}$ M $_\odot^{-1}$年在150兆赫,一千倍,比今天更明亮,并单独,同步加速器无线电背景超过CMB的$\gtrsim 6%$在1.42千兆赫。
High-Redshift Signatures from the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization
Tel Aviv University(特拉维夫大学);University of Maryland, College Park(马里兰大学帕克分校);New York University(纽约大学);Jadavpur University(贾达普大学);Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学);University of Sussex(萨塞克斯大学);Guangxi University(广西大学);Tsinghua University(清华大学);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);University of Zurich(苏黎世大学);Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院);Northeastern University(东北大学);Tata Institute of Fundamental Research(塔塔基础研究所);Oberlin College(欧柏林学院);University of Toronto(多伦多大学)
21cm-line bispectrum as method to probe Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization
红移21 cm信号是研究宇宙黎明期和再电离期星系际介质状态的有效工具。在我们之前的工作中(Shimabukuro et al 2015),我们研究了方差和偏度,以给出21 cm功率谱的清晰解释,并发现偏度是X射线加热变得有效的时期的良好指标。因此,21厘米信号的空间分布的非高斯特征有望用于研究CD和EoR中的天体物理效应。在本文中,为了更详细地研究这种非高斯特征,我们专注于21厘米信号的双谱。21 cm亮温双谱可能是由于Wouthysen-Field(WF)效应、X射线加热和再电离等多种天体物理效应引起的非高斯性而产生的。我们研究了21厘米双谱的各种性质,如尺度依赖性、形状依赖性和红移演化。并研究了21 cm双谱各分量的贡献。我们发现,各分量的贡献具有典型的尺度依赖特征,在未来的实验中,我们可以利用21 cm双谱,结合功率谱和偏度,获得更详细的CD和EoR中IGM的信息。
Square Kilometer Array Synergies for the Epoch of Reionization and Cosmic Dawn
National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research(塔塔基础研究院射电天体物理国家中心);Jadavpur University(贾达普大学);University of Toronto(多伦多大学);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);Kavli Institute for Cosmology(卡弗里宇宙学研究所);Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);University of Groningen(格罗宁根大学);Université Paris-Saclay(巴黎萨克雷大学);CNRS, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale(法国国家科学研究中心空间天体物理研究所);University of Vienna(维也纳大学);Indian Institute of Technology Indore(印度理工学院印多尔分校);University of Catania(卡塔尼亚大学);The University of Tokyo(东京大学);The Open University of Israel(以色列开放大学);Australian National University(澳大利亚国立大学);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台);Uppsala University(乌普萨拉大学)