arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1607.02779astro-ph.CO
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用SKA对宇宙黎明期间第一个源周围的红移21厘米图案成像

Imaging the redshifted 21-cm pattern around the first sources during the cosmic dawn using the SKA

Raghunath Ghara, T. Roy Choudhury, Kanan K. Datta, Samir Choudhuri

摘要:

利用红移的\HI ~21-cm信号了解宇宙中第一源的性质是当前和未来低频实验的主要目标之一。我们调查的可能性成像的红移21厘米图案周围的第一个来源在宇宙黎明期间使用SKA 1低。我们的模型\HI ~21厘米的图像地图,适用于SKA 1低,周围的第一个来源,包括恒星和星系内的X射线源。除了系统噪声之外,我们还通过将它们添加到信号图中来考虑天体物理前景。我们发现,在减去前景使用多项式拟合和抑制噪声通过平滑的地图在$10^{'} - 30^{'}$角尺度,孤立的源在$z \sim 15$检测$\sim 4 - 9 \, σ$的置信水平在2000小时的观测SKA 1-低。虽然由于高斯平滑,源周围的21厘米轮廓发生了变化,但图像仍然可以用于提取一些源属性。我们占重叠的图案的各个源通过产生现实的\HI ~21厘米的宇宙黎明的地图是基于$N$体模拟和一维辐射转移代码。我们发现,这些来源应该是可检测的SKA 1低图像在$z = 15$与$\sim 14 (4)$的SNR在2000(200)小时的观测。因此,一种可能的观测策略可以是在较短的观测时间内观测多个场,识别具有SNR $\gtrsim 3$的场,并在长得多的持续时间内观测这些场。这种观测预期在约束与第一源相关的参数方面是有用的。

英文摘要:

Understanding properties of the first sources in the Universe using the redshifted \HI ~21-cm signal is one of the major aims of present and upcoming low-frequency experiments. We investigate the possibility of imaging the redshifted 21-cm pattern around the first sources during the cosmic dawn using the SKA1-low. We model the \HI ~21-cm image maps, appropriate for the SKA1-low, around the first sources consisting of stars and X-ray sources within galaxies. In addition to the system noise, we account also for the astrophysical foregrounds by adding them to the signal maps. We find that after subtracting the foregrounds using a polynomial fit and suppressing the noise by smoothing the maps over $10^{'} - 30^{'}$ angular scale, the isolated sources at $z \sim 15$ are detectable with $\sim 4 - 9 \, σ$ confidence level in 2000 h of observation with the SKA1-low. Although the 21-cm profiles around the sources get altered because of the Gaussian smoothing, the images can still be used to extract some of the source properties. We account for overlaps in the patterns of the individual sources by generating realistic \HI ~21-cm maps of the cosmic dawn that are based on $N$-body simulations and a one-dimensional radiative transfer code. We find that these sources should be detectable in the SKA1-low images at $z = 15$ with an SNR of $\sim 14 (4)$ in 2000 (200) h of observations. One possible observational strategy thus could be to observe multiple fields for shorter observation times, identify fields with SNR $\gtrsim 3$ and observe these fields for much longer duration. Such observations are expected to be useful in constraining the parameters related to the first sources.

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