High solar cycle spectral variations inconsistent with stratospheric ozone observations
W. T. Ball, J. D. Haigh, E. V. Rozanov, A. Kuchar, T. Sukhodolov, F. Tummon, A. V. Shapiro, W. Schmutz
备注：
This is the original version submitted to Nature Geoscience in July 2015 with the title "Ozone observations reveal lower solar cycle spectral variations", this has changed to the one given above. 4 Figures, Nature Geoscience, 2016, http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo2640.html
Some of the natural variability in climate is understood to come from changes in the Sun. A key route whereby the Sun may influence surface climate is initiated in the tropical stratosphere by the absorption of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation by ozone, leading to a modification of the temperature and wind structures and consequently to the surface through changes in wave propagation and circulation. While changes in total, spectrally-integrated, solar irradiance lead to small variations in global mean surface temperature, the `top-down' UV effect preferentially influences on regional scales at mid-to-high latitudes with, in particular, a solar signal noted in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The amplitude of the UV variability is fundamental in determining the magnitude of the climate response but understanding of the UV variations has been challenged recently by measurements from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite, which show UV solar cycle changes up to 10 times larger than previously thought. Indeed, climate models using these larger UV variations show a much greater response, similar to NAO observations. Here we present estimates of the ozone solar cycle response using a chemistry-climate model (CCM) in which the effects of transport are constrained by observations. Thus the photolytic response to different spectral solar irradiance (SSI) datasets can be isolated. Comparison of the results with the solar signal in ozone extracted from observational datasets yields significantly discriminable responses. According to our evaluation the SORCE UV dataset is not consistent with the observed ozone response whereas the smaller variations suggested by earlier satellite datasets, and by UV data from empirical solar models, are in closer agreement with the measured stratospheric variations. Determining the most appropriate SSI variability to apply in models...
Before We Inject: Assessing the Impact of Silica-Based Aerosols on Stratospheric Chemistry via a Kinetic Model Informed by Molecular Dynamics
Qatar Center for Quantum Computing, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University（卡塔尔量子计算中心，科学与工程学院，哈马德·本·哈利法大学）；Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Uniuversity of Urbino Carlo Bo（纯粹与应用科学系，乌尔比诺卡尔博大学）
On Cosmic-Ray-Driven Electron Reaction Mechanism for Ozone Hole and Chlorofluorocarbon Mechanism for Global Climate Change
大量的实验室测量结果为含卤素分子的宇宙射线驱动电子诱导反应（CRE）机制形成臭氧洞提供了可靠的物理基础。观测到的极地臭氧损失或平流层冷却与宇宙射线之间的空间和时间相关性显示了CRE机制的强有力证据[Q.- B. Lu，Phys.Rep.487，141-167（2010）]。氯氟烃也是众所周知的温室气体，但被认为在气候变化中只起很小的作用。然而，最近的观察表明，非氟氯化碳气体的温室效应已经饱和。一项新的评估表明，自1950年以来，仅卤代烃（主要是CFCs）就可以解释全球地面温度上升0.5~0.6 ℃，从而得出惊人的结论，即20世纪下半叶全球变暖的罪魁祸首不是CO2，而是CFCs [Q.- B. Lu，J. Cosmology 8，1846-1862（2010）]。令人惊讶的是，最近的一篇论文[J]- W. Grooss和R.穆勒，大气。Environ. 45，3508-3514（2011）]通过呈现“ACE-FTS卫星数据”批评了这些新发现。在这里，我表明，存在着严重的问题，这样的“ACE-FTS卫星数据”，因为卫星基本上没有覆盖南极涡旋在目前的几个月（特别是冬季的几个月，在此期间，最有效的CRE反应预计）和批评不同意在文献中的科学事实。相反，来自多颗卫星的真实数据为CRE机制提供了强有力的证据。迄今为止，CRE机制是唯一能再现和预测南极O3空洞臭氧损失及其导致的平流层冷却的11年周…
