2019/20年澳大利亚野火产生了一个持续的烟雾漩涡，上升到35公里的高度
The 2019/20 Australian wildfires generated a persistent smoke-charged vortex rising up to 35 km altitude
摘要：
2020年前后发生的澳大利亚林火对平流层组成、动力环流和辐射平衡造成了前所未有的扰动。在这里，我们从卫星观测表明，由此产生的烟雾对太阳辐射的行星尺度阻挡大于任何以前记录的野火，与中等火山爆发产生的辐射强迫相同。太阳能加热强烈的烟雾块的一个显著效果是产生了一个自我维持的反气旋涡旋，直径达1000公里，并有自己的臭氧洞。这个高度稳定的涡旋在平流层中持续了13个多星期，行进了66 000公里，并将一个由烟雾和湿气组成的封闭气泡带到35公里的高度。几个卫星传感器跟踪了其演变情况，欧洲中程天气预报业务系统中心主要根据卫星数据成功地解决了这一问题。由于野火的频率和强度预计将在不断变化的气候中增加，我们认为，这种类型的异常事件可能会在未来几十年内对全球平流层的组成做出重大贡献。
英文摘要：
The Australian bushfires around the turn of the year 2020 generated an unprecedented perturbation of stratospheric composition, dynamical circulation and radiative balance. Here we show from satellite observations that the resulting planetary-scale blocking of solar radiation by the smoke is larger than any previously documented wildfires and of the same order as the radiative forcing produced by moderate volcanic eruptions. A striking effect of the solar heating of an intense smoke patch was the generation of a self-maintained anticyclonic vortex measuring 1000 km in diameter and featuring its own ozone hole. The highly stable vortex persisted in the stratosphere for over 13 weeks, travelled 66,000 km and lifted a confined bubble of smoke and moisture to 35 km altitude. Its evolution was tracked by several satellite-based sensors and was successfully resolved by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts operational system, primarily based on satellite data. Because wildfires are expected to increase in frequency and strength in a changing climate, we suggest that extraordinary events of this type may contribute significantly to the global stratospheric composition in the coming decades.
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