野火产生的平流层中的烟雾涡流及其在两个半球的行为：比较澳大利亚2020年和加拿大2017年
Smoke-charged vortices in the stratosphere generated by wildfires and their behaviour in both hemispheres : comparing Australia 2020 to Canada 2017
摘要：
过去十年中最强烈的两次野火发生在2017年的加拿大和2019 - 2020年的澳大利亚，随后由于热对流而在平流层中注入大量烟雾。Khaykin等人（2020，doi：10.1038/s43247 - 020 - 00022 - 5）和Kablick等人（2020，doi：10.1029/2020GL 088101）发现，在澳大利亚事件之后，部分烟雾自组织为反气旋封闭涡旋，在中纬度平流层上升至35公里。根据CALIOP观测和ERA5再分析，这项新研究分析了加拿大的情况，并发现，类似地，到2017年8月12日，一个大型羽流穿透平流层，并被困在一个穿越大西洋的中尺度反气旋结构中。然后，它分成三个后代，可以跟随到10月中旬，进行三次环球旅行，上升到23公里。我们分析了这两个野火产生的涡旋的动力学结构，并演示了它们是如何保持的同化的数据从仪器测量的签名的涡旋在温度和臭氧场。我们建议，这些涡可以被看作是气泡的低绝对位渦和烟进行垂直穿过层结从对流层内部平流层中部的内部加热，对下降通量的布鲁尔-多布森环流。
英文摘要：
The two most intense wildfires of the last decade that took place in Canada in 2017 and Australia in 2019-2020 were followed by large injections of smoke in the stratosphere due to pyroconvection. It was discovered by Khaykin et al. (2020, doi:10.1038/s43247-020-00022-5) and Kablick et al. (2020, doi:10.1029/2020GL088101) that, after the Australian event, part of this smoke self-organized as anticyclonic confined vortices that rose in the mid-latitude stratosphere up to 35 km. Based on CALIOP observations and the ERA5 reanalysis, this new study analyzes the Canadian case and find, similarly, that a large plume penetrated the stratosphere by 12 August 2017 and got trapped within a meso-scale anticyclonic structure which travelled across the Atlantic. It then broke into three offsprings that could be followed until mid-October performing three round the world journeys and rising up to 23 km. We analyze the dynamical structure of the vortices produced by these two wildfires and demonstrate how they are maintained by the assimilation of data from instruments measuring the signature of the vortices in the temperature and ozone field. We propose that these vortices can be seen as bubbles of low absolute potential vorticity and smoke carried vertically across the stratification from the troposphere inside the middle stratosphere by their internal heating, against the descending flux of the Brewer-Dobson circulation.
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