The Lagrange, Euler, and Euler-Poincaré variational principles for the guiding-center Vlasov-Maxwell equations are presented. Each variational principle presents a different approach to deriving guiding-center polarization and magnetization effects into the guiding-center Maxwell equations. The conservation laws of energy, momentum, and angular momentum are also derived by Noether method, where the guiding-center stress tensor is now shown to be explicitly symmetric.
The Hamiltonian structure of the guiding-center Vlasov-Maxwell equations is presented in terms of a Hamiltonian functional and a guiding-center Vlasov-Maxwell bracket. The bracket, which is shown to satisfy the Jacobi identity exactly, is used to show that the guiding-center momentum and angular-momentum conservation laws can also be expressed in Hamiltonian form.
The proof of the Jacobi property of the guiding-center Vlasov-Maxwell bracket underlying the Hamiltonian structure of the guiding-center Vlasov-Maxwell equations is presented.
A new representation of electromagnetic gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell theory is presented in which the gyrocenter equations of motion are expressed solely in terms of the perturbed electric and magnetic fields. In this representation, the gyrocenter symplectic (Poisson-bracket) structure and the gyrocenter Jacobian contain electric and magnetic perturbation terms associated with the standard first-order gyrocenter polarization and magnetization terms that traditionally appear in the gyrokinetic Maxwell equations. In addition, the gyrocenter polarization drift (which includes perturbed magnetic-fi…
Full self-consistent stationary Vlasov-Maxwell solutions of magnetically confined plasmas are built for systems with cylindrical symmetries. The stationary solutions are thermodynamic equilibrium solutions. These are obtained by computing the equilibrium distribution function resulting from maximizing the entropy and closing the equations with source terms that are then computed by using the obtained distribution. This leads to a self-consistent problem corresponding to solving a set of two coupled second order non-linear differential equations. Relevant plasma parameters are introduced and a …
A detailed investigation of the properties of a Vlasov-Maxwell equilibrium for the force-free Harris sheet
本文详细讨论了Harrison和Neukirch（Phys. Rev. Lett. 102，135003，2009）。将给出分布函数的推导和其一般性质及其对分布函数参数的依赖性的讨论。特别是，分布函数在两个速度分量中可以是单峰或多峰的，可能对稳定性有影响。将研究分布函数的形状对其参数值的依赖性，并讨论与宏观量（如当前板厚度）的关系。
We consider linear stability of steady states of 1(1/2) and 3D Vlasov-Maxwell systems for collisionless plasmas. The linearized systems can be written as separable Hamiltonian systems with constraints. By using a general theory for separable Hamiltonian systems, we recover the sharp linear stability criteria obtained previously by different approaches. Moreover, we obtain the exponential trichotomy estimates for the linearized Vlasov-Maxwell systems in both relativistic and nonrelativistic cases.
The Hamiltonian structure of the gauge-free gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell equations is presented in terms of a Hamiltonian functional and a gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell bracket. The bracket is used to show that the gyrokinetic angular-momentum conservation law can also be expressed in Hamiltonian form. The Jacobi property of the gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell bracket is also demonstrated explicitly.
Hamiltonian formulation of reduced Vlasov-Maxwell equations
约化的Vlasov-麦克斯韦方程组的哈密顿形式用宏观场D和H表示。这些宏观场本身用泛函S与泊松括号[.，.]精确的弗拉索夫-麦克斯韦方程组。因此，极化矢量P=（D-E）/（4pi）和磁化矢量M=（B-H）/（4pi）根据表达式4pi P=[S，E]+.和4 π M =-[S，B]+...，其中最低阶项产生偶极贡献。
In this work we recast the collisional Vlasov-Maxwell and Vlasov-Poisson equations as systems of coupled stochastic and partial differential equations, and we derive stochastic variational principles which underlie such reformulations. We also propose a stochastic particle method for the collisional Vlasov-Maxwell equations and provide a variational characterization of it, which can be used as a basis for a further development of stochastic structure-preserving particle-in-cell integrators.
This letter reports on a metriplectic formulation of collisional, nonlinear full-$f$ electromagnetic gyrokinetic theory compliant with energy conservation and monotonic entropy production. In an axisymmetric background magnetic field, the toroidal angular momentum is also conserved. Notably, a new collisional current, contributing to the gyrokinetic Maxwell-Ampère equation and the gyrokinetic charge conservation law, is discovered.
We consider the Vlasov-Maxwell equations with one spatial direction and two momenta, one in the longitudinal direction and one in the transverse direction. By solving the Jacobi identity, we derive reduced Hamiltonian fluid models for the density, the fluid momenta and the second order moments, related to the pressure tensor. We also provide the Casimir invariants of the reduced Poisson bracket. We show that the linearization of the equations of motion around homogeneous equilibria reproduces some essential feature of the kinetic model, the Weibel instability.
We show that nonrelativsitic scaling of the collisionless Vlasov-Maxwell system implies the existence of a formal invariant slow manifold in the infinite-dimensional Vlasov-Maxwell phase space. Vlasov-Maxwell dynamics restricted to the slow manifold recovers the Vlasov-Poisson and Vlasov-Darwin models as low-order approximations, and provides higher-order corrections to the Vlasov-Darwin model more generally. The slow manifold may be interpreted to all orders in perturbation theory as a collection of formal Vlasov-Maxwell solutions that do not excite light waves, and are therefore "dark". We p…
A parallel, relativistic, three-dimensional particle-in-cell code SPACE has been developed for the simulation of electromagnetic fields, relativistic particle beams, and plasmas. In addition to the standard second-order Particle-in-Cell (PIC) algorithm, SPACE includes efficient novel algorithms to resolve atomic physics processes such as multi-level ionization of plasma atoms, recombination, and electron attachment to dopants in dense neutral gases. SPACE also contains a highly adaptive particle-based method, called Adaptive Particle-in-Cloud (AP-Cloud), for solving the Vlasov-Poisson problems…
Energy conserving particle-in-cell schemes are constructed for a class of reduced relativistic Vlasov--Maxwell equations of laser-plasma interaction. Discrete Poisson equation is also satisfied by the numerical solution. Specifically, distribution function is discretized using particle-in-cell method, discretization of electromagnetic fields is done using compatible finite element method in the framework of finite element of exterior calculus, and time discretization used is based on discrete gradient method combined with Poisson splitting. Numerical experiments of parametric instability are d…
Continuum Vlasov simulations can be utilized for highly accurate modelling of fully kinetic plasmas. Great progress has been made recently regarding the applicability of the method in realistic plasma configurations. However, a reduction of the high computational cost that is inherent to fully kinetic simulations would be desirable, especially at high velocity space resolutions. For this purpose, low-rank approximations can be employed. The so far available low-rank solvers are restricted to either electrostatic systems or low dimensionality and can therefore not be applied to most space, astr…
Motivated by recent discussions on the possible role of quantum computation in plasma simulations, here we present different approaches to Koopman's Hilbert-space formulation of classical mechanics in the context of Vlasov-Maxwell kinetic theory. The celebrated Koopman-von Neumann construction is provided with two different Hamiltonian structures: one is canonical and recovers the usual Clebsch representation of the Vlasov density, the other is noncanonical and appears to overcome certain issues emerging in the canonical formalism. Furthermore, the canonical structure is restored for a variant…
