多水平选择模型中的竞争代谢策略
Competing metabolic strategies in a multilevel selection model
摘要：
能源效率和进化机制之间的相互作用得到解决。一个重要的问题是，进化机制如何在不能立即带来优势的情况下选择最佳的能源使用。例如，这个问题对于提高我们对从单细胞到多细胞生命形式的主要转变的理解非常重要。在一个充满活力的环境中聚集高效率的个人的直接好处还不清楚。虽然这一过程增加了个体之间的关联性，但也增加了地方竞争。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个模型的两个竞争的代谢策略，明确提到的资源使用。我们假设存在高效菌株，其以高效率将资源转化为能量，但显示出低的资源消耗率，以及低效菌株，其以高速率消耗资源，但将其转化为能量的效率低。我们探讨了混合和结构化人群的动态。通过有效菌株可以侵入仅由低效菌株组成的群体的可能性来测量优化的能量使用的选择。结果发现，在结构化群体中，有效应变可以茁壮成长的参数空间的区域总是大于在混合良好的群体中观察到的。事实上，在混合良好的种群中，有效菌株只在没有进化困境的领域中进化稳定。我们还观察到，小组规模提高入侵的机会，尽管增加了亲属之间的竞争的有效菌株。这一结果证实了亲属选择所起的关键作用，并表明依赖于群体扩张、世代重叠和群体分裂的群体动态可以平衡局部竞争的负面影响。
英文摘要：
The interplay between energy efficiency and evolutionary mechanisms is addressed. One important question is how evolutionary mechanisms can select for the optimised usage of energy in situations where it does not lead to immediate advantage. For example, this problem is of great importance to improve our understanding about the major transition from unicellular to multicellular form of life. The immediate advantage of gathering efficient individuals in an energetic context is not clear. Although this process increases relatedness among individuals, it also increases local competition. To address this question, we propose a model of two competing metabolic strategies that makes explicit reference to the resource usage. We assume the existence of an efficient strain, which converts resource into energy at high efficiency but displays a low rate of resource consumption, and an inefficient strain, which consumes resource at a high rate with a low efficiency in converting it to energy. We explore the dynamics in both well-mixed and structured populations. The selection for optimised energy usage is measured by the likelihood of that an efficient strain can invade a population only comprised by inefficient strains. It is found that the region of the parameter space at which the efficient strain can thrive in structured populations is always larger than observed in well-mixed populations. In fact, in well-mixed populations the efficient strain is only evolutionarily stable in the domain whereupon there is no evolutionary dilemma. We also observe that small group sizes enhance the chance of invasion by the efficient strain in spite of increasing the competition among relatives. This outcome corroborates the key role played by kin selection and shows that the group dynamics relied on group expansion, overlapping generations and group split can balance the negative effects of local competition.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
