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arXiv 2209.02063q-bio.PE
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竞争群体内部及群体之间的演化动力学

Evolutionary Dynamics Within and Among Competing Groups

Daniel B. Cooney, Simon A. Levin, Yoichiro Mori, Joshua B. Plotkin

AI总结:

本文通过嵌套生灭过程与偏微分方程扩展演化博弈论,研究群体内与群体间竞争下的多层次演化动力学,揭示多尺度系统中促进合作的最优结构及次优社会解的形成条件。

摘要:

生物系统和社会系统在多个尺度上具有结构化特征,在群体中互动的个体的激励可能与群体整体的集体激励发生偏离。解决这种张力的机制促成了演化史上的深刻转变,包括细胞生命、多细胞生命乃至社会的起源。本文综合了不断增长的文献,将演化博弈论扩展用于描述多层次演化动力学,利用嵌套的生灭过程和偏微分方程来建模作用于群体内个体竞争和群体间竞争的自然选择。我们应用这一理论分析已知能在单一群体内促进合作的机制——包括同质性、互惠性和种群结构——在存在群体间竞争时如何改变演化结果。我们发现,在多尺度系统中最有利于合作的种群结构可能与单一群体内最有利于合作的结构不同。同样,对于具有连续策略范围的竞争性互动,我们发现群体间选择可能无法产生社会最优结果,但它仍然可以产生次优解,在个体背叛激励与集体合作激励之间取得平衡。最后,我们描述了多尺度演化模型在从微生物可扩散代谢物的产生到人类社会公共池资源管理等诸多问题中的广泛适用性。

英文摘要:

Biological and social systems are structured at multiple scales, and the incentives of individuals who interact in a group may diverge from the collective incentive of the group as a whole. Mechanisms to resolve this tension are responsible for profound transitions in evolutionary history, including the origin of cellular life, multi-cellular life, and even societies. Here we synthesize a growing literature that extends evolutionary game theory to describe multilevel evolutionary dynamics, using nested birth-death processes and partial differential equations to model natural selection acting on competition within and among groups of individuals. We apply this theory to analyze how mechanisms known to promote cooperation within a single group -- including assortment, reciprocity, and population structure -- alter evolutionary outcomes in the presence of competition among groups. We find that population structures most conducive to cooperation in multi-scale systems may differ from those most conducive within a single group. Likewise, for competitive interactions with a continuous range of strategies we find that among-group selection may fail to produce socially optimal outcomes, but it can nonetheless produce second-best solutions that balance individual incentives to defect with the collective incentives for cooperation. We conclude by describing the broad applicability of multi-scale evolutionary models to problems ranging from the production of diffusible metabolites in microbes to the management of common-pool resources in human societies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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