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arXiv 1602.01548quant-phmath-phmath.MPphysics.optics
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纠缠Bloch球:Bloch矩阵和双量子比特态空间

Entangled Bloch Spheres: Bloch Matrix and Two Qubit State Space

Omar Gamel

摘要:

我们在泡利矩阵张量积的基础上表示一个双量子位密度矩阵,其系数构成一个布洛赫矩阵,类似于单量子位布洛赫向量。我们发现了量子态对Bloch矩阵分量的正性要求,导致了三个重要的不等式,使我们能够参数化和可视化的两个量子比特的状态空间。应用奇异值分解自然地将自由度分离为局部和非局部,并简化了正性不等式。它还允许我们几何地表示一个状态为两个纠缠的布洛赫球与叠加的相关轴。它表明,酉变换,本地或非本地,有简单的解释为轴旋转或混合的某些自由度。非局部酉不变量的状态,然后推导出的本地酉不变量。推广了纠缠的部分转置正判据,并将其解释为一个反射,或一个符号的变化。该方法用于刻画最大纠缠态,推广了两个量子比特的各向同性态和Werner态。

英文摘要:

We represent a two-qubit density matrix in the basis of Pauli matrix tensor products, with the coefficients constituting a Bloch matrix, analogous to the single qubit Bloch vector. We find the quantum state positivity requirements on the Bloch matrix components, leading to three important inequalities, allowing us to parametrize and visualize the two-qubit state space. Applying the singular value decomposition naturally separates the degrees of freedom to local and nonlocal, and simplifies the positivity inequalities. It also allows us to geometrically represent a state as two entangled Bloch spheres with superimposed correlation axes. It is shown that unitary transformations, local or nonlocal, have simple interpretations as axis rotations or mixing of certain degrees of freedom. The nonlocal unitary invariants of the state are then derived in terms of local unitary invariants. The positive partial transpose criterion for entanglement is generalized, and interpreted as a reflection, or a change of a single sign. The formalism is used to characterize maximally entangled states, and generalize two qubit isotropic and Werner states.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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