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arXiv 1601.02183physics.ins-det
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ALICE TPC升级的研发活动状况

Status of the R&D activities for the upgrade of the ALICE TPC

Alexander Deisting

摘要:

在长周期2之后,LHC将提供高达50 kz的相互作用速率的铅-铅碰撞。为了应对这种情况,需要对ALICE时间投影室(TPC)进行升级。升级后,TPC将以连续模式运行,与当前TPC的性能相比,动量和dE/dx分辨率没有任何下降。由于通过多丝正比室的读出在这些要求下不再可行,因此必须采用新技术。在新的读出室中,电子放大由四个气体电子倍增器(GEM)箔的堆叠提供。它们的高电压设置和取向已经过优化,在55 Fe的峰值处提供优于12%的能量分辨率。在相同的设置下,进入漂移体积的离子回流小于气体放大和初级电离过程中产生的有效离子数的1%。这对于防止空间电荷的积累是必要的,空间电荷的积累最终将使漂移体积中的场失真。为了确保LHC运行3期间在高负载下的稳定运行,腔室也必须对放电具有鲁棒性。与选定的配置在一个四GEM堆栈的放电概率保持在$10^{-12}$放电每传入强子的水平。ALICE TPC升级活动的概述将在这些程序中给出,并介绍了未来读出室GEM堆栈的优化设置。此外,还显示了2014年底在SPS和PS(在CERN)进行的两次射束时间活动的结果。在该活动中,对全尺寸读出室原型的放电稳定性和dE/dx性能进行了测试。此外,它是报告的充电研究的4GEM堆栈和测试的电磁下垂的大型GEM箔。

英文摘要:

After the Long Shutdown 2 the LHC will provide lead-lead collisions at interaction rates as high as 50kz. In order to cope with such conditions the ALICE Time Projection Chamber (TPC) needs to be upgraded. After the upgrade the TPC will run in a continuous mode, without any degradation of the momentum and dE/dx resolution compared to the performance of the present TPC. Since readout by multi-wire proportional chambers is no longer feasible with these requirements, new technologies have to be employed. In the new readout chambers the electron amplification is provided by a stack of four Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) foils. Their high voltage settings and orientation have been optimised to provide an energy resolution better then 12% at the photopeak of 55Fe. At the same settings the Ion BackFlow into the drift volume is less than 1% of the effective number of ions produced during gas amplification and the primary ionisations. This is necessary to prevent the accumulation of space charge, which eventually will distort the field in the drift volume. To ensure stable operation at the high loads during LHC run 3 the chambers have to be robust against discharges, too. With the selected configuration in a quadruple GEM stack the discharge probability is kept at the level of $10^{-12}$ discharges per incoming hadron. An overview of the ALICE TPC upgrade activities will be given in these proceedings and the optimised settings foreseen for the GEM stacks of the future readout chambers are introduced. Furthermore the outcome of two beam time campaigns at SPS and PS (at CERN) in the end of 2014 is shown. At this campaigns the stability against discharges and the dE/dx performance of a full size readout chamber prototype was tested. In addition it is reported on charging-up studies of 4GEM stacks and on tests of electromagnetic sagging of large GEM foils.

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