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arXiv 1601.01701astro-ph.CO
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在$z\sim0.45$测量哈勃参数的6%:宇宙再加速时代的直接证据

A 6% measurement of the Hubble parameter at $z\sim0.45$: direct evidence of the epoch of cosmic re-acceleration

Michele Moresco, Lucia Pozzetti, Andrea Cimatti, Raul Jimenez, Claudia Maraston, Licia Verde, Daniel Thomas, Annalisa Citro, Rita Tojeiro, David Wilkinson

摘要:

导出宇宙的膨胀历史是现代宇宙学的一个主要目标。到目前为止,最精确的测量已经获得了Ia型超新星和重子声学振荡,提供了证据的存在一个过渡时期,膨胀率从减速到加速的变化。然而,这些结果是在特定宇宙学模型的框架内获得的,这些模型必须在测量中隐含或明确地假设。因此,至关重要的是获得独立于宇宙模型假设的宇宙加速膨胀的测量。在这里,我们利用重子振荡光谱巡天(BOSS)数据发布9提供的前所未有的统计数据,提供新的约束哈勃参数$H(z)$使用电磁宇宙计时器的方法。我们提取了超过13万个最大质量和被动演化星系的样本,获得了5个新的宇宙学独立的$H(z)$测量的红移范围$0.3<z<0.5$,与$\sim$ 11-16\%的精度,将统计和系统误差。一旦组合,这些测量产生$H(z=0.4293)=91.8\pm5.3$ km/s/Mpc的6%精度约束。新的数据是至关重要的,以提供第一个宇宙学独立的确定过渡红移在高统计意义,测量$z_{t}=0.4\pm0.1$,并显着不赞成零假设之间没有过渡减速和加速膨胀在99.9%的置信水平。这种分析突出了宇宙计时器方法的广泛潜力:它允许导出宇宙膨胀历史的约束,其结果与标准探测器竞争,最重要的是,作为独立于宇宙学模型的估计,它可以约束宇宙学超越-并包括-$Λ$ CDM模型。

英文摘要:

Deriving the expansion history of the Universe is a major goal of modern cosmology. To date, the most accurate measurements have been obtained with Type Ia Supernovae and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, providing evidence for the existence of a transition epoch at which the expansion rate changes from decelerated to accelerated. However, these results have been obtained within the framework of specific cosmological models that must be implicitly or explicitly assumed in the measurement. It is therefore crucial to obtain measurements of the accelerated expansion of the Universe independently of assumptions on cosmological models. Here we exploit the unprecedented statistics provided by the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Data Release 9 to provide new constraints on the Hubble parameter $H(z)$ using the em cosmic chronometers approach. We extract a sample of more than 130000 of the most massive and passively evolving galaxies, obtaining five new cosmology-independent $H(z)$ measurements in the redshift range $0.3<z<0.5$, with an accuracy of $\sim$11-16\% incorporating both statistical and systematic errors. Once combined, these measurements yield a 6\% accuracy constraint of $H(z=0.4293)=91.8\pm5.3$ km/s/Mpc. The new data are crucial to provide the first cosmology-independent determination of the transition redshift at high statistical significance, measuring $z_{t}=0.4\pm0.1$, and to significantly disfavor the null hypothesis of no transition between decelerated and accelerated expansion at 99.9\% confidence level. This analysis highlights the wide potential of the cosmic chronometers approach: it permits to derive constraints on the expansion history of the Universe with results competitive with standard probes, and most importantly, being the estimates independent of the cosmological model, it can constrain cosmologies beyond -and including- the $Λ$CDM model.

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