arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1510.02477astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COastro-ph.EPastro-ph.SRphysics.flu-dyn
收藏

分子云中尘埃和气体的根本不同动力学

The Fundamentally Different Dynamics of Dust and Gas in Molecular Clouds

Philip F. Hopkins, Hyunseok Lee

摘要:

本文研究了大尘埃颗粒在湍流分子云中的行为。在主要的中性区域,尘埃颗粒作为空气动力学颗粒移动,不一定与气体一起移动。因此,我们直接模拟,第一次,在高度超音速,磁流体动力学湍流典型的MC的气动颗粒的行为。我们发现,在这些条件下,尺寸a >0.01微米的颗粒表现出显着的(超过因子~1000)波动,在当地的灰尘-气体比(这意味着大的小尺度的丰度变化,灰尘冷却速率,和动态)。尘埃可以形成高度非线性的结构(在尘埃的发射和消光中都可以观察到),这些结构可以比气体细丝的特征宽度薄得多。有时,尘埃和气体细丝甚至不在同一个位置。对于理想尺寸范围内的颗粒,粉尘的“结块因子”(粉尘生长/凝结/破碎的关键)可达到~100。尘埃聚集在约0.2pc*(a/micron)*(100 cm^-3/n_gas)的尺度上达到最大值,并在更大尺度上被“平均化”。然而,由于密度在超音速湍流中变化很大,这些波动的尺度(和有趣的晶粒尺寸)的动态范围比亚音速情况下宽得多。我们的结果适用于基本上所有尺寸和密度的MCs,但我们注意到洛伦兹力和其他物理(这里忽略)可能会改变它们在某些制度。我们讨论了潜在的戏剧性后果,恒星的形成,尘埃的生长和破坏,尘埃为基础的观测MC。

英文摘要:

We study the behavior of large dust grains in turbulent molecular clouds (MCs). In primarily neutral regions, dust grains move as aerodynamic particles, not necessarily with the gas. We therefore directly simulate, for the first time, the behavior of aerodynamic grains in highly supersonic, magnetohydrodynamic turbulence typical of MCs. We show that, under these conditions, grains with sizes a >0.01 micron exhibit dramatic (exceeding factor ~1000) fluctuations in the local dust-to-gas ratio (implying large small-scale variations in abundances, dust cooling rates, and dynamics). The dust can form highly filamentary structures (which would be observed in both dust emission and extinction), which can be much thinner than the characteristic width of gas filaments. Sometimes, the dust and gas filaments are not even in the same location. The 'clumping factor' of the dust (critical for dust growth/coagulation/shattering) can reach ~100, for grains in the ideal size range. The dust clustering is maximized around scales ~0.2pc*(a/micron)*(100 cm^-3/n_gas), and is 'averaged out' on larger scales. However, because the density varies widely in supersonic turbulence, the dynamic range of scales (and interesting grain sizes) for these fluctuations is much broader than in the subsonic case. Our results are applicable to MCs of essentially all sizes and densities, but we note how Lorentz forces and other physics (neglected here) may change them in some regimes. We discuss the potentially dramatic consequences for star formation, dust growth and destruction, and dust-based observations of MCs.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑