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arXiv 1509.04074gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-th
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循环多重宇宙

Cyclic multiverses

Konrad Marosek, Mariusz P. Dabrowski, Adam Balcerzak

摘要:

利用由于宇宙学中基本常数的变化而引起的奇点正则化的思想,我们研究了循环宇宙模型。我们发现两个模型的振荡和非奇异的质量密度和压力(“非奇异”反弹)正则化的变化引力常量$G$,尽管尺度因子的演变是振荡的,并具有尖锐的转折点(“奇异”反弹)。违反(大爆炸)和非违反(幻影)零能量条件模型出现。然后,我们将这个想法扩展到包含循环的个体宇宙的多元宇宙,这些宇宙的熵要么增加,要么减少,但保持净熵不变。为了深入理解这一关键思想,我们考虑了两个“平行”宇宙具有相同几何演化的双重宇宙,但它们的物理演化(物理耦合常数$c(t)$和$G(t)$)不同。一个有趣的观点是,在最大膨胀点有可能交换宇宙--这一事实在量子宇宙学中已经被注意到了。类似的情况也可能在Brans-Dicke理论的框架内,其中变化的$G(t)$被动态Brans-Dicke场$ϕ(t)$取代,尽管这些理论略有不同。

英文摘要:

Using the idea of regularisation of singularities due to the variability of the fundamental constants in cosmology we study the cyclic universe models. We find two models of oscillating and non-singular mass density and pressure ("non-singular" bounce) regularised by varying gravitational constant $G$ despite the scale factor evolution is oscillating and having sharp turning points ("singular" bounce). Both violating (big-bang) and non-violating (phantom) null energy condition models appear. Then, we extend this idea onto the multiverse containing cyclic individual universes with either growing or decreasing entropy though leaving the net entropy constant. In order to get an insight into the key idea, we consider the doubleverse with the same geometrical evolution of the two "parallel" universes with their physical evolution (physical coupling constants $c(t)$ and $G(t)$) being different. An interesting point is that there is a possibility to exchange the universes at the point of maximum expansion -- the fact which was already noticed in quantum cosmology. Similar scenario is also possible within the framework of Brans-Dicke theory where varying $G(t)$ is replaced by the dynamical Brans-Dicke field $ϕ(t)$ though these theories are slightly different.

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