强子核起源的高能中微子的层析限制
Tomographic Constraints on High-Energy Neutrinos of Hadronuclear Origin
摘要：
越来越多的证据表明，冰立方望远镜探测到的TeV-PeV中微子流主要来自河外。如果这样的中微子主要是由一类天体物理源通过强子核（$pp$）相互作用产生的，那么预计会有类似的伽马射线光子通量。对于第一次，我们采用层析限制，以查明冰立方中微子事件的起源，通过分析最近的测量GeV伽马射线的分布之间的互相关，费米卫星探测到的，和几个星系目录在不同的红移范围。我们发现，相应的中微子光度密度的界限是一个数量级的紧比那些只使用γ射线背景的光谱，特别是对于源与温和的红移演变。特别是，我们的方法排除了任何强子源的光谱软比$E^{-2.1}$作为中微子背景的主要组成部分，如果它的演变是慢于$(1+z)^3$。星暴星系如果能够有效地加速和限制宇宙射线，就能同时满足光谱和层析成像的约束。
英文摘要：
Mounting evidence suggests that the TeV-PeV neutrino flux detected by the IceCube telescope has mainly an extragalactic origin. If such neutrinos are primarily produced by a single class of astrophysical sources via hadronuclear ($pp$) interactions, a similar flux of gamma-ray photons is expected. For the first time, we employ tomographic constraints to pinpoint the origin of the IceCube neutrino events by analyzing recent measurements of the cross correlation between the distribution of GeV gamma rays, detected by the Fermi satellite, and several galaxy catalogs in different redshift ranges. We find that the corresponding bounds on the neutrino luminosity density are up to one order of magnitude tighter than those obtained by using only the spectrum of the gamma-ray background, especially for sources with mild redshift evolution. In particular, our method excludes any hadronuclear source with a spectrum softer than $E^{-2.1}$ as a main component of the neutrino background, if its evolution is slower than $(1+z)^3$. Starburst galaxies, if able to accelerate and confine cosmic rays efficiently, satisfy both spectral and tomographic constraints.
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