arXiv 1508.030742015-08hep-thhep-phquant-ph

孤子的量子理论

Towards a Quantum Theory of Solitons

Gia Dvali, Cesar Gomez, Lukas Gruending, Tehseen Rug

备注：: Matches version published at Nuclear Physics B
发表信息：: Nucl.Phys. B901 (2015) 338-353
DOI：: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2015.10.017

摘要：

我们为拓扑和非拓扑孤子建立了一个量子相干态图像。我们认识到，拓扑荷来自于在一个方向上流动的零动量量子的无穷多个占据。因此，微观组分的诺特荷在宏观描述中产生了拓扑荷。这一事实从相干态的基本性质出发解释了拓扑荷的守恒性。对于平均占有数有限的非拓扑孤子，不存在这种守恒。因此，它们可以与真空具有指数小但非零的重叠，导致真空不稳定性。这个振幅可以解释为假真空衰变的相干态描述。接下来，我们表明，我们可以表示拓扑孤子作为卷积的两个部门分别携带有关拓扑和能量的信息，这使得他们的差异非常透明。最后，我们展示了如何从量子相干态的基本性质来理解孤子之间的相互作用。

英文摘要：

We formulate a quantum coherent state picture for topological and non-topological solitons. We recognize that the topological charge arises from the infinite occupation number of zero momentum quanta flowing in one direction. Thus, the Noether charge of microscopic constituents gives rise to a topological charge in the macroscopic description. This fact explains the conservation of topological charge from the basic properties of coherent states. It also shows that no such conservation exists for non-topological solitons, which have finite mean occupation number. Consequently, they can have an exponentially-small but non-zero overlap with the vacuum, leading to vacuum instability. This amplitude can be interpreted as a coherent state description of false vacuum decay. Next we show that we can represent topological solitons as a convolution of two sectors that carry information about topology and energy separately, which makes their difference very transparent. Finally, we show how interaction among the solitons can be understood from basic properties of quantum coherent states.

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摘要：

英文摘要：

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