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arXiv 1507.02423gr-qc
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Schwarzschild黑洞的电荷涨落

Charge Fluctuations of a Schwarzschild Black-Hole

Marcelo Schiffer

摘要:

本文研究了质量为$M$的Schwarzschild黑洞与由光子、电子和正电子组成的等离子体处于热平衡时的电荷涨落。最终的结果非常简单:电荷涨落有两个独立的贡献:一个来自黑洞本身,与等离子体无关,另一个来自等离子体;两者都是普遍的,不依赖于黑洞质量,也不依赖于它们。它们都不依赖于载流子的电荷。如果我们假设截止参数是普朗克的,它们相差一个一阶的数值因子。因此,我们认为它们在物理上是相同的。非常有趣的是,黑洞的电荷(平方)涨落的数量级为$\hbar$,与精细结构常数相差不远。电荷涨落的物理起源仍然是一个谜。因为它不依赖于载流子的电荷,所以它不能被认为是黑洞和量子场之间电荷交换的结果,而是真正具有量子引力的性质(尽管是在半经典近似下)。至少有两种可能的方式来解释我们的结果:要么是电荷被困在黑洞内部,必须考虑黑洞系综的平均值,要么是粒子在两个方向上穿过柯西视界$\overline{r_-} \sim \hbar/2M$引起的电荷涨落。

英文摘要:

In this paper, we consider charge fluctuations of a Schwarzschild black hole of mass $M$ in thermal equilibrium with a plasma consisting of photons, electrons, and positrons confined inside a cavity . The final result is astonishingly simple: charge fluctuations have two independent contributions: one that comes from the black hole itself, with no respect to the plasma, and another one that arises from the plasma; both are Universal, do not depend on the black hole mass and none of them depends on the charge of the charge carriers. They differ by a numerical factor of order one if we assume the cut-off parameter to be Planckian. Therefore, we regard them as physically identical. Interestingly enough, the black hole's charge (squared) fluctuations are of the order $\hbar$ which is not too far from the fine structure constant. The physical origin of charge fluctuations remains raises a puzzle. Since it does not depend upon the charge of the charge carriers, it cannot be regarded as resulting from the trade of charges between the black hole and the quantum fields and is truly of quantum gravity nature (albeit in a semi-classical approximation). There are at least two possible ways of interpreting our results: either charge is trapped inside the black hole and the average must be regarded over an ensemble of black-holes or eventuality charge fluctuations arise from particles crossing the Cauchy horizon $\overline{r_-} \sim \hbar/2M$ in both directions.

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