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arXiv 1507.00828hep-ph
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有效稳定的暗物质

Effectively Stable Dark Matter

Clifford Cheung, David Sanford

摘要:

我们研究了暗物质,它是宇宙学上长寿命的,因为标准模型(SM)的对称性。在这些模型中,一个近似的稳定对称性偶然出现,类似于可重整化SM中的重子和轻子数。采用有效的理论方法,我们分类DM模型根据$SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y \times U(1)_B\times U(1)_L$的表示,允许所有的运营商的对称性,弱规模DM和截止或低于普朗克尺度。我们确定代表含有一个中性的长寿命的状态,从而排除第四和第五维度的运营商,介导危险的提示DM衰变到SM粒子。DM残余丰度是通过热冻结获得的,或者由于有效稳定的DM通常携带重子或轻子数,通过诱导最终DM衰变的算子共享不对称性。我们还将重子和轻子数违反spurion参数化硬打破任意单位。然而,由于质子的稳定性排除了某些spurions,剩余的对称性仍然存在,保持了某些DM表示的宇宙学稳定性。最后,我们调查的现象,有效地稳定DM表现在探针的直接检测,间接检测和质子衰变。

英文摘要:

We study dark matter (DM) which is cosmologically long-lived because of standard model (SM) symmetries. In these models an approximate stabilizing symmetry emerges accidentally, in analogy with baryon and lepton number in the renormalizable SM. Adopting an effective theory approach, we classify DM models according to representations of $SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y \times U(1)_B\times U(1)_L$, allowing for all operators permitted by symmetry, with weak scale DM and a cutoff at or below the Planck scale. We identify representations containing a neutral long-lived state, thus excluding dimension four and five operators that mediate dangerously prompt DM decay into SM particles. The DM relic abundance is obtained via thermal freeze-out or, since effectively stable DM often carries baryon or lepton number, asymmetry sharing through the very operators that induce eventual DM decay. We also incorporate baryon and lepton number violation with a spurion that parameterizes hard breaking by arbitrary units. However, since proton stability precludes certain spurions, a residual symmetry persists, maintaining the cosmological stability of certain DM representations. Finally, we survey the phenomenology of effectively stable DM as manifested in probes of direct detection, indirect detection, and proton decay.

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