arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1506.04875physics.soc-ph
收藏

城市形态计量学:走向城市演化的科学

Urban Morphometrics: Towards a Science of Urban Evolution

Jacob Dibble, Alexios Prelorendjos, Ombretta Romice, Mattia Zanella, Emanuele Strano, Mark Pagel, Sergio Porta

摘要:

自柏拉图以来,城市理论家、社会改良主义者和哲学家一直将城市视为一个有生命的有机体。然而,尽管进化生物学取得了非凡的进步,现在被用来解释社会和文化现象,但自从格迪斯在城市规划学科的黎明时期所做的工作以来,城市进化的正确科学从未建立过。从传统的城市形态学开始,本研究开发并验证了一个统计可靠和普遍适用的城市分类。该研究巩固了现有的定义,在城市结构的规模,并确定了形式的构成要素,在40个当代英国城市。这些元素的量化测量允许它们的组织和相互关系的数学描述。此外,具有最大区分潜力的优化指数列表区分了四个历史特征类别的案例:1)历史,2)工业,3)新城镇,4)蔓延。最后,一个树状图,显示了案例之间的相似性树,在二战前和战后的城市形态之间的巨大差距被证明。这项工作表明:a)利用公共的大数据存储库来测量城市结构在概念上是合理和可行的,b)拟议的城市形态测量系统准确地描述了城市形态的结构,并根据其历史起源对案例进行了适当的聚类,c)生物进化的科学模型可以应用于城市分析,以了解潜在的结构相似性。

英文摘要:

Urban theorists, social reformists and philosophers have considered the city as a living organism since Plato. However, despite extraordinary advancements in evolutionary biology, now being used to explain social and cultural phenomena, a proper science of evolution in cities has never been established since Geddes' work at the dawn of the Town Planning discipline. Commencing in the tradition of Urban Morphology, this research develops and validates a statistically reliable and universally applicable urban taxonomy. The research solidifies existing definitions of built form at the scale of the urban fabric and identifies the constituent elements of form in 40 contemporary UK cities. Quantifiable measurements of these elements allow mathematical descriptions of their organization and mutual relationships. Further, an optimized list of indices with maximum discriminatory potential distinguishes between cases from four historically characterised categories: 1) Historical, 2) Industrial, 3) New Towns, 4) Sprawl. Finally, a dendrogram is produced that shows the tree of similarity between cases, where the great divide between pre and post WWII war urban form is demonstrated. This work shows that: a) it is conceptually sound and viable to measure urban fabric utilizing public, big-data repositories, b) the proposed urban morphometrics system accurately characterises the structure of urban form and clusters cases properly based on their historical origins, c) scientific models of biological evolution can be applied to urban analysis to understand underlying structural similarities.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑