世界各地城市的稳健性和弹性
Robustness and Resilience of cities around the world
摘要：
城市或城市复原力的概念已成为未来几十年的主要挑战之一。因此，联合国或洛克菲勒基金会等机构已经采取了一些旨在提高或改善复原力的举措，这些努力转化为资助项目，既可以在实地采取行动，也可以在指数的框架下对复原力进行量化。具有讽刺意味的是，在学术方面，对于如何量化弹性，或者它在城市背景下到底指什么，并没有明确的共识。在这里，我们试图将这两个极端联系起来，提供一个如何利用大型，公开可用的全球城市数据集的例子，以客观地了解城市弹性的可能维度之一。我们通过复杂性科学中成熟的方法来做到这一点，例如渗透理论-它在提供复杂系统脆弱性的有价值信息方面具有悠久的传统。我们的研究结果揭示了研究城市之间的巨大差异，无论是在基础设施的脆弱性和关键服务的分布不平衡。
英文摘要：
The concept of city or urban resilience has emerged as one of the key challenges for the next decades. As a consequence, institutions like the United Nations or Rockefeller Foundation have embraced initiatives that increase or improve it. These efforts translate into funded programs both for action on the ground and to develop quantification of resilience, under the for of an index. Ironically, on the academic side there is no clear consensus regarding how resilience should be quantified, or what it exactly refers to in the urban context. Here we attempt to link both extremes providing an example of how to exploit large, publicly available, worldwide urban datasets, to produce objective insight into one of the possible dimensions of urban resilience. We do so via well-established methods in complexity science, such as percolation theory --which has a long tradition at providing valuable information on the vulnerability in complex systems. Our findings uncover large differences among studied cities, both regarding their infrastructural fragility and the imbalances in the distribution of critical services.
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