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arXiv 1508.01352physics.soc-phcs.SI
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由相互依赖的模块网络构成的网络的弹性

Resilience of Networks Formed of Interdependent Modular Networks

Louis Shekhtman, Saray Shai, Shlomo Havlin

摘要:

许多基础设施网络具有模块化结构,而且相互依存。虽然有大量研究探讨了相互依赖网络的弹性,但没有分析模块化的影响。在这里,我们开发了一个理论框架,相互依赖的模块化网络的攻击,并支持我们的模拟结果。我们关注的情况下,每个网络有相同数量的社区和依赖关系的链接被限制在不同的网络社区对之间。这对于跨城市的基础设施来说是非常现实的。每个城市都有自己的基础设施,不同的基础设施在城市中相互依赖。然而,每个基础设施都是在城市内部和城市之间连接的。例如,电网将连接许多城市,通信网络也将连接许多城市,但相互依赖的发电站和通信塔可能位于同一个城市。它已被证明,单一的网络是非常容易受到失败的互联节点(社区之间)Shai等人。这些节点上的攻击是更严重的比攻击的基础上的介数达库尼亚等人。在我们的例子中,这些节点有很长的距离链接,更容易失败。对于树状和环状相互依赖的模块网络,我们发现不同的制度取决于模块的数量,$m$。(i)在具有强内连通的模块较少的情况下,系统首先在突然的一级转变中分离成模块,然后每个模块经历第二次渗流转变。(ii)当有更多的模块与它们之间的许多互连,系统经历一个单一的过渡。总的来说,我们发现,模块化结构可以影响相互依赖网络中观察到的过渡类型,并应在尝试使相互依赖网络更具弹性时加以考虑。

英文摘要:

Many infrastructure networks have a modular structure and are also interdependent. While significant research has explored the resilience of interdependent networks, there has been no analysis of the effects of modularity. Here we develop a theoretical framework for attacks on interdependent modular networks and support our results by simulations. We focus on the case where each network has the same number of communities and the dependency links are restricted to be between pairs of communities of different networks. This is very realistic for infrastructure across cities. Each city has its own infrastructures and different infrastructures are dependent within the city. However, each infrastructure is connected within and between cities. For example, a power grid will connect many cities as will a communication network, yet a power station and communication tower that are interdependent will likely be in the same city. It has been shown that single networks are very susceptible to the failure of the interconnected nodes (between communities) Shai et al. and that attacks on these nodes are more crippling than attacks based on betweenness da Cunha et al. In our example of cities these nodes have long range links which are more likely to fail. For both treelike and looplike interdependent modular networks we find distinct regimes depending on the number of modules, $m$. (i) In the case where there are fewer modules with strong intraconnections, the system first separates into modules in an abrupt first-order transition and then each module undergoes a second percolation transition. (ii) When there are more modules with many interconnections between them, the system undergoes a single transition. Overall, we find that modular structure can influence the type of transitions observed in interdependent networks and should be considered in attempts to make interdependent networks more resilient.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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