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arXiv 1505.04598astro-ph.GA
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银河系外气体盘中的螺旋密度波

Spiral density waves in the outer galactic gaseous discs

S. A. Khoperskov, G. Bertin

摘要:

对盘状星系外部的深HI观测表明,经常存在延伸的、发育良好的螺旋臂,远远超过光学半径。为了理解这种外部螺旋结构的性质和起源,我们研究了明亮光盘中激发的大尺度螺旋波在外部气体盘中的传播。使用流体动力学模拟,我们表明,非轴对称的密度波,穿透气体通过外部Lindblad共振,可以表现出相对规则的螺旋结构以外的明亮的光学恒星盘。对于低振幅结构,数值模拟的结果匹配的一个简单的WKB线性理论的预测。螺旋结构的振幅随半径的增大而迅速增大。超过$\approx 2$光学半径,螺旋变成非线性的(线性理论变得定量和定性不足)和不稳定的开尔文-亥姆霍兹不稳定性。在数值模拟中,在气体可以在很远的地方获得的模型中,螺旋臂可以延伸到25个圆盘尺度的长度。我们所研究的模型的性质与观测到的单个星系的性质之间的比较可能揭示外晕中暗物质的数量和分布问题。

英文摘要:

Deep HI observations of the outer parts of disc galaxies demonstrate the frequent presence of extended, well-developed spiral arms far beyond the optical radius. To understand the nature and the origin of such outer spiral structure, we investigate the propagation in the outer gaseous disc of large-scale spiral waves excited in the bright optical disc. Using hydrodynamical simulations, we show that non-axisymmetric density waves, penetrating in the gas through the outer Lindblad resonance, can exhibit relatively regular spiral structures outside the bright optical stellar disc. For low-amplitude structures, the results of numerical simulations match the predictions of a simple WKB linear theory. The amplitude of spiral structure increases rapidly with radius. Beyond $\approx 2$ optical radii, spirals become nonlinear (the linear theory becomes quantitatively and qualitatively inadequate) and unstable to Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. In numerical simulations, in models for which gas is available very far out, spiral arms can extend out to 25 disc scale-lengths. A comparison between the properties of the models we have investigated and the observed properties of individual galaxies may shed light into the problem of the amount and distribution of dark matter in the outer halo.

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