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arXiv 1504.07653astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE
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矮球状星系Ursa Minor中超新星驱动气体损失的三维流体动力学模拟

Three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of the supernovae-driven gas loss in the dwarf spheroidal galaxy Ursa Minor

Anderson Caproni, Gustavo Amaral Lanfranchi, André Luiz da Silva, Diego Falceta Gonçalves

摘要:

与矮球状星系中的常见情况一样,今天本星系群小熊座星系的气体含量已经耗尽。这个星系是如何失去气体的仍然是一个有争议的问题。为了研究小熊座气体损失的历史,我们对这个天体进行了第一次三维流体动力学模拟,假设气体损失是由II型超新星(SNe II)驱动的星系风驱动的。在我们的模拟中使用的初始气体设置和超新星(SN)率主要是由推断的恒星形成历史和观测到的速度色散的小熊座约束。经过3 Gyr的演化,我们发现当SN速率增加时,气体去除效率更高,并且当初始平均气体密度降低时。导出的质量损失率在中心区域(<300 pc)系统性地更高,尽管这种关系在时间和银河系半径方面并不是严格的线性关系。由瑞利-泰勒不稳定性引起的粘性结构和由SNe驱动的声波引起的同心壳可以解释从模拟中推断的质量损失。我们的研究结果表明,SNe II能够将大部分气体从中心区域向外转移到星系晕。然而,必须考虑其他物理机制,以便完全去除较大半径处的气体。

英文摘要:

As is usual in dwarf spheroidal galaxies, today the Local Group galaxy Ursa Minor is depleted of its gas content. How this galaxy lost its gas is still a matter of debate. To study the history of gas loss in Ursa Minor, we conducted the first three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of this object, assuming that the gas loss was driven by galactic winds powered only by type II supernovae (SNe II). The initial gas setup and supernova (SN) rates used in our simulations are mainly constrained by the inferred star formation history and the observed velocity dispersion of Ursa Minor. After 3 Gyr of evolution, we found that the gas removal efficiency is higher when the SN rate is increased, and also when the initial mean gas density is lowered. The derived mass-loss rates are systematically higher in the central regions (<300 pc), even though such a relationship has not been strictly linear in time and in terms of the galactic radius. The filamentary structures induced by Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities and the concentric shells related to the acoustic waves driven by SNe can account for the inferred mass losses from the simulations. Our results suggest that SNe II are able to transfer most of the gas from the central region outward to the galactic halo. However, other physical mechanisms must be considered in order to completely remove the gas at larger radii.

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